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Anatomy > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

thoracolumbar fascia explain

A
  • deep fascia
  • thin in thoracic
  • thick in lumbar
  • strengthen lumbar area and surround intrinsic back muscles
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2
Q

trapezius innervation

A

spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

sensory: ventral rami of C3 and C4

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3
Q

levator scapulae action

A
  • elevation of scapula
  • rotates inferiorly
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4
Q

action of erector spinae muscles

A
  • bilateral: extension of spine
  • unilateral: lateral flexion of spine to same side of contracting muscle
  • Contracts during flexion of spine to control movement against gravity
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5
Q

Where are the intermediate back muscles found and what are they called?

A
  • they are located on entire length of spine
  • erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
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6
Q

semispinalis insertion

A

-occipital bone, in the medial part of area between superior and nuchal lines

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi innervation

A

-thoracodorsal nerve

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8
Q

latissimus dorsi actions

A
  • adduction of arm at shoulder
  • extension of arm at shoulder
  • medial rotation of arm
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9
Q

Where are the superficial intrinsic back muscles found and what are they?

A

only found in cervical and upper thoracic regions

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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10
Q

trapezius insertion

A
  • lateral 1/3rd of clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula
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11
Q

semispinalis capitis origin

A

-transverse processes of C4-T12

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12
Q

describe the occipital region (where antomically located/surrounded/near what structures)

A
  • deep to trapezius
  • roof is the semispinalis muscle
  • floor is the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and the posterior arch of the atlas
  • contains the vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
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13
Q

action of splenius capitis

A

bilateral contraction- extension of head and neck

unilateral contraction- lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck to same side of contracting muscle

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14
Q

splenius cervicis origin

A

-spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae

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15
Q

What are and what is purpose of intrinsic back muscles. What is the subdivision of the intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • extend from pelvis to skull
  • act to maintain posture and control movements of vertebral column
  • subdived into superficial, intermediate, and deep layers
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16
Q

splenius capitis innervation

A

dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

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17
Q

rhomboid major and minor action

A
  • retract scapula
  • inferiorly rotate
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18
Q

innervation of erector spinae muscles

A

innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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19
Q

serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

-lower 4 ribs (ribs 9-12)

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20
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve and where is it located?

A
  • dorsal ramus of C2 spinal nerve
  • curves around inferior border of obliquus capitis inferior-> ascends over suboccipital triangle->pierces semispinalis capitis and trapezius to reach scalp (it does not pierce splenius capitis)
  • divides into branches that supply skin of posterior part of scalp (run with branches of occipital artery)
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21
Q

origin of erector spinae muscles(iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis)

A

all 3 columns originate from a broad tendon that attaches to:

  • iliac crest
  • sacrum
  • sacroiliac ligaments
  • inferior lumbar spinous processes
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22
Q

latissimus dorsi insertion

A

-floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

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23
Q

levator scapulae origin

A

-transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae (C1-C4)

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24
Q

rhomboid minor insertion

A

-medial border of scapula at level of root of spine

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25
Q

rhomboid major and minor innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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26
Q

trapezius actions

A

elevation scapula

retraction scapula

(superiorly) rotates scapula and depresses

ERRAttach Sounds

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27
Q

What is the nerve innervation of intrinsic back muscles?

A

innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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28
Q

action of suboccpital triangle muscles

A
  • mostly postural, acting directly or indirectly on head
  • extension of head on C1
  • rotation of head with C1 on C2
  • also more proprioceptive in nature
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29
Q

serratus posterior superior origin

A
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • C7 to T2/T3 spinous processes
30
Q

action of semispinalis

A
  • extension of head, thoracic, and cervical regions of vertebral column
  • rotates these regions contralaterally
31
Q

what are the minor intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • levatores costarum muscles
  • interspinous muscles
  • intertransverse muscles
32
Q

serratus posterior inferior origin

A

-spinous processes of T11 to spinous processes of L2-L3

33
Q

thoracolumbar fascia attachments (posterior layer, intermediate layer, anterior layer)

A
  • posterior: attach to the spinous processes
  • intermediate: attach to transverse processes
  • anterior: forms quadratus lumborum (muscle of posterior abdominal wall) the fascia attaches to the the transverse processes
34
Q

trapezius origin

A

superior nuchal line

external occipital protuberance

ligamentum nuchae

spinous processes C7-T12

35
Q

action of splenius cervicis

A

bilateral contraction- extension of head and neck

unilateral contraction- lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck to same side of contracting muscle

(same as splenius capitis)

36
Q

rhomboid minor origin

A
  • (inferior portion) of ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes C7 and T1
37
Q

serratus posterior inferior innervation

A

ventral rami of T9-T12 spinal nerves

38
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

A

innervated by suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve)

39
Q

serratus posterior inferior action

A

depresses ribs 8-12

40
Q

where are the deep intrinsic back muscles found and what are they?

A
  • run entire length of spine
  • called the transversospinalis muscle group (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)
  • group of muscles that generally run superomedially from transverse processes of inferior vertebrae to spinous processes of superior vertebrae
41
Q

what muscles are contained within the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • rectus capitis posterior major
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • superior oblique (obliquus capitis superior)

inferior oblique (obliquus capitis inferior)

42
Q

serratus posterior superior innervation

A

-ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves

43
Q

splenius cervicis innervation

A

dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (same as splenius capitis)

44
Q

splenius capitis insertion

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • mastoid process
45
Q

serratus posterior superior insertion

A

-ribs 2-5

46
Q

rhomboid major origin

A

-spinous processes T2-T5

47
Q

describe orientation of semispinalis muscles (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

A

capitis- more vertically oriented, run from transverse processes of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae to the occipital bone

cervicis- deep to semispinalis capitis to cervical spinous processes

thoracis- to thoracic spinous processes

48
Q

splenius capitis origin

A
  • lower part of ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes of C7-T3
49
Q

semispinalis innervation

A

innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

50
Q

serratus posterior superior action

A

elevate ribs 2-5

51
Q

innervation of transversospinalis muscles?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

52
Q

describe multfidus (orientation, where found)?

A
  • present along entire length of spine
  • best developed in lumbar region
53
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A
  • ventral rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves
  • dorsal scapular nerve (branch of brachial plexus)
54
Q

latissimus dorsi origin

A
  • spinous processes T7-T12
  • inferior 3 or 4 ribs
  • Lumbar, sacral vertebrae, and iliac crest via thoracolumbar fascia
55
Q

name the deep transversospinalis muscles from superficial to deep

A

superfical: semispinalis (s for superficial)
intermediate: multifidus (m for middle)
deep: rotatores (row deep)

group of muscles that generally run superomedially from transverse processes of inferior vertebrae to spinous processes of superior vertebrae

ie transvers-o-spinalis

56
Q

action of transversopinalis muscles

A
  • bilateral contraction: extension of spine
  • unilateral contraction: lateral flexion of spine to same side of contracting muscle AND rotation of spine to opposite side of contracting muscle
  • shorter muscles main function to stabilize the spine
57
Q

rhomboid major insertion

A

-medial border of scapula (root of spine to inferior angle)

58
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

-medial border of scapula (from superior angle to root of spine)

59
Q

describe rotatores (where run and where found predominantly)?

A
  • shortest and deepest of transversospinalis muscles
  • best developed in thoracic region
60
Q
A
61
Q

splenius cervicis insertion

A

-transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae

62
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Anatomy (12 decks)

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