body and metabolic changes in the older adult

Question 1

arcus senilis

Answer 1

grey ring around cornea, NOT associated with visual change

if

Question 2

stasis dermatitis

Answer 2

lower legs and ankles secondary to chronic edema (PVD)

Question 3

red reflex is opaque gray ( versus orange/red)

Answer 3

cataract

Question 4

cataracts

Answer 4

white/gray, gradual onset, decreased night vision/glare of car lights
** Red reflex disappears

Question 5

how to assess macular degeneration

Answer 5

amsler grid

may find drusen bodies - Drusen are tiny yellow or white deposits in a layer of the retina

Question 6

ear changes in elderly

Answer 6

sensorineural hearing loss ( speaking voice affected, high frequency)

Question 7

cardiac changes in elderly

Answer 7

s4 normal ( if not associated with heart disease)
left ventricle hypertrophy (hence s4) dt thickness

Question 8

lungs

Answer 8

fev1 increase, therefore residual volume increase
total lung volume same
crackles normal ( ask patient to cough several times and benign crackles will resolve)

Question 9

liver

Answer 9

size/mass decrease

clearance of drugs slowed

Question 10

colon cancer number 1 risk

Answer 10

age>50 yo

Question 11

immune

Answer 11

LESS likely to have a fever with infection, body temp is lower