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Anatomy 1 > muscle charts (spine/LE) > Flashcards

muscle charts (spine/LE) Flashcards

1
Q

erector spinae

A

intermediate back layer

  • attachments: TLF attached to sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous ligament, angles of ribs > costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs and transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)
    • spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
    • longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
    • iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
  • action: extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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2
Q

semispinalis

A

deep, transversospinales group

  • attachments: transverse processes > distant superior spinous processes
    • semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
  • action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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3
Q

multifidus

A

deep, transversospinales group

  • attachments: sacrum, posterior SI ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes > more superior spinous processes
    • multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
  • action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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4
Q

rotatores longus and brevis

A

deep, transversospinales group

  • attachments: transverse processes > spinous processes of vertebra above (1-2 levels)
  • action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of nerves
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5
Q

interspinales

A

deep

  • attachments: between adjacent spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
    • cervical: 6
    • thoracic: 2-3
    • lumbar: 4
  • action: extension of spine
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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6
Q

intertransversarii

A

deep

  • attachments: between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
  • action: lateral flexion of spine
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerve
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7
Q

splenius cervicis

A

superficial

  • attachments: spinous process of T3-T6 > posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 3 cervical vertebrae
  • action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of head and neck
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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8
Q

splenius capitis

A

superficial

  • attachments: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of T4-C7 > lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
  • action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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9
Q

longus colli

A
  • attachments: anterior tubercles and bodies T3-C3 > anterior tubercles and bodies C6-C1
  • action: flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
  • innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves (C2-7)
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10
Q

longus capitis

A
  • attachments: anterior tubercles C3-C6 > basilar portion occipital bone
  • action: flexion, ipsilateral rotation
  • innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerve (C1-3)
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11
Q

latissimus dorsi

A
  • attachments: lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest > floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • action: adduction, extension, medial rotation of humerus
  • innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
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12
Q

levator scapulae

A
  • attachments: transverse processes of C1-4 > superior angle and superomedial border of scapula
  • action: elevation and downward rotation of scapula
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) - sensory C3-4
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13
Q

rhomboids

A
  • attachments: spinous processes T2-3, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T1 > medial border of scapula
  • action: scapular retraction, elevation and upward rotation
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) - sensory C3-4
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14
Q

trapezius

A
  • attachments: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, cervical and thoracic spinous processes > clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
  • action: scap elevation, retraction, depression, upward rotation
  • innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI) - sensory C3-4
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15
Q

extrinsic superficial muscle layer

A

axio-appendicular

  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids

CN XI/ventral rami of spinal nn. to dorsum of body

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16
Q

extrinsic intermediate muscles

A
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior

intercostal nn. at corresponding levels

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17
Q

intrinsic superficial muscles

A
  • splenius capitis
  • splenius cervicis

dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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18
Q

intrinsic intermediate layer

A

erector spinae

  • spinalis
    • thoracis, cervicis, (semi) capitis
  • longissimus
    • capitis, cervicis, thoracis
  • iliocostalis
    • cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

lateral br. of dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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19
Q

intrinsic deep layer

A
  • semi spinalis
    • capitis, thoracis, cervicis
  • multifidus
  • rotatores
    • longus, brevis
  • interspinales, intertransversarii
    • function in proprioception

dorsal rami of spinal nn.

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20
Q

adductor brevis

A
  • attachments: inferior pubic ramus > distal 2/3 pectineal line, medial lip linea aspera
  • action: adducts and flexes hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
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21
Q

adductor longus

A
  • attachments: pubic crest > medial lip linea aspera
  • action: adduction, medial rotation, flexion of hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
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22
Q

adductor magnus

A
  • attachments: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity >
    • hamstring: medial supracondylar ridge, adductor tubercle of femur
    • adductor: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
  • action:
    • hamstring: extends hip
    • adductor: adducts and flexes hip
  • innervation:
    • hamstring: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S1)
    • adductor: obturator nerve (L2-4)
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23
Q

gracilis

A
  • attachments: body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus > medial surface of tibia (lateral to sartorius inseration, distal to condyle, proximal to semitendinosus insertion)
  • action:
    • flexes and medially rotates knee
    • adducts hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
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24
Q

pectineus

A
  • attachments: superior pubic ramus > femur between lesser trochanter and linea aspera (pectineal line)
  • action: adducts, flexes hip
  • innervation: femoral nerve and obturator nerve (L2-4)
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25
Q

obturator externus

A
  • attachments: ramis of pubis and ischium, external surface obturator membrane
  • action: laterally rotates hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L3-4)
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26
Q

biceps femoris

A
  • attachments:
    • long head: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament > lateral side of fibular head
    • short head: lateral lip of linia aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge > lateral side of fibular head
  • action:
    • LH: extends hip, flexes and laterally rotates knee
    • SH: flexes and laterally rotates knee
  • innervation:
    • LH: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S3)
    • SH: fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
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27
Q

semitendinosus

A
  • attachments: ischial tuberosity > proximal, medial tibia
  • action: extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee
  • innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S2)
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28
Q

semimembranosus

A
  • attachments: ischial tuberosity > posterior medial tibial condyle
  • action: extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee
  • innervation: tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L4-S2)
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29
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A
  • attachments: lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4 of fibula, CIM > dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5
  • action: dorsiflexes ankle, extends digits 2-5 MP and IP
  • innervation: deep fibular (L4-S1)
30
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A
  • attachments: middle 1/2 of fibular surface, CIM > distal phalangeal base of 1st toe
  • action: dorsiflexes ankle, extends great toe MP and IP
  • innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
31
Q

fibularis tertius

A
  • attachments: distal fibula, CIM > base of 5th metatarsal
  • action: everts foot, dorsiflexes ankle
  • innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
32
Q

tibialis anterior

A
  • attachments: lateral condyle, proximal 2/3 of lateral tibial surface, CIM > medial cuneiform, adjacent 1st metatarsal
  • action: dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot
  • innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
33
Q

fibularis longus

A
  • attachments: head and proximal 2/3 of fibula > lateral aspects of 1st metatarsal, adjacent medial cuneiform
  • action: everts foot, plantar flexes ankle, depresses 1st metatarsal head
  • innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)
34
Q

fibularis brevis

A
  • attachments: distal 2/3 of fibula > lateral base of 5th metatarsal
  • action: everts foot, plantar flexes ankle
  • innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)
35
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A
  • attachments: posterior tibia distal to soleal line > plantar surface of distal phalangeal bases
  • action: plantar flexes ankle, flexes digits 2-5 MP and IP
  • innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
36
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A
  • attachments: distal 2/3 of posterior fibular surface, CIM > plantar aspect of distal phalangeal base of 1st toe
  • action: plantar flexes ankle, flexes great toe (MP and IP)
  • innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
37
Q

gastrocnemius

A
  • attachments: posterior aspect of femoral condyles, joint capsule > posterior calcaneal surface
  • action: flexes knee, plantar flexes ankle
  • innervation: tibial nerves (S1-2)
38
Q

plantaris

A
  • attachments: lateral supracondylar line > posterior calcaneal surface
  • action: flexes knee, plantar flexes ankle
  • innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
39
Q

popliteus

A
  • attachments: lateral femoral condyle, oblique popliteal ligament > soleal line of tibia
  • action: unlocks knee from extension into early flexion
    • NWB: medially rotates tibia and flexes knee
    • WB: laterally rotation of femur and knee
  • innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
40
Q

soleus

A
  • attachments: posterior aspect of head and proximal 1/4 of fibula, tibial soleal line > posterior calcaneal surface
  • action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint
  • innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
41
Q

tibialis posterior

A
  • attachments: CIM, lateral tibial surface, medial fibular surface > navicular, medial and intermediate cuneiform, bases of metatarsals 2-4
  • action: inverts foot, plantar flexes ankle
  • innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
42
Q

superior gemellus

A
  • attachments: external surface of ischial spine via obterator internus tendon > greater trochanter
  • action: laterally rotates hip
  • innervation: sacral plexus (L5-S2)
43
Q

inferior gemellus

A
  • attachments: proximal ischial tuberosity via obturator internus tendon > greater trochanter
  • action: laterally rotates hip
  • innervation: sacral plexus (L4-S1)
44
Q

gluteus maximus

A
  • attachments: aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, posterior gluteal line (innominate) > greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
  • action: hip extension, lateral rotation
  • innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
45
Q

gluteus medius

A
  • attachments: external iliac surface > oblique ridge on lateral aspect of greater trochanter, gluteal aponeurosis
  • action: abducts and medially rotates hip, keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
46
Q

gluteus minimus

A
  • attachments: external iliac surface and margin of greater sciatic notch > anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter
  • action: abducts and medially rotates hip, keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
47
Q

obturator internus

A
  • attachments: anterolateral wall of pelvis and obturator membrane > medial surface of greater trochanter
  • action: laterally rotates hip
  • innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
48
Q

piriformis

A
  • attachments: anterolateral sacrum, posterior inferior iliac spine > upper border of greater trochanter
  • action: abducts and laterally rotates hip
  • innervation: nerve to piriformis (S1-2)
49
Q

quadratus femoris

A
  • attachments: ischial tuberosity > quadrate tubercle of femur
  • action: laterally rotates hip
  • innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1, sacral plexus)
50
Q

iliacus (iliopsoas)

A
  • attachments: iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacral ala, sacroiliac ligament > lesser trochanter of femur
  • action: flexes and stabilizes hip joint
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
51
Q

psoas major (iliopsoas)

A
  • attachments: anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies and discs (T12-L5)
  • action: flexes and stabilizes joint
  • innervation: ventral rami L1-4 (from lumbar plexus)
52
Q

rectus femoris

A
  • attachments: anterior iliac spine, groove superior to acetabulum > base of patella
  • action: flexes hip, extends knee
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
53
Q

sartorius

A
  • attachments: anterior superior iliac spine > medial aspect of proximal tibia
  • action: flexes/abducts/laterally rotates hip, flexes/assists medial rotation of knee
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-3)
54
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A
  • attachments: anterior superior iliac spine, external lip iliac crest > iliotibial tract
  • action: abducts/flexes/medially rotates hip, assists in maintaining knee extension
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
55
Q

vastus intermedius

A
  • attachments: anterior aspect of proximal 2/3 of femoral shaft > lateral border patella
  • action: extends knee
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
56
Q

vastus lateralis

A
  • attachments: intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera > base and lateral border of patella
  • action: extends knee
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
57
Q

vastus medialis

A
  • attachments: intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line > base and medial border of patella
  • action: extends leg
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
58
Q

articularis genu

A

can be blended with vastus intermedius

  • attachments: distal anterior shaft of femur > proximal portion of synovial membrane of knee joint
  • action: pulls articular capsule proximally
  • innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4) - branch of nerve from vastus intermedius
59
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A
  • attachments: calcaneal tuberosity > lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit
  • action: abducts and flexes 5th digit
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
60
Q

abductor hallucis

A
  • attachments: medial calcaneal tuberosity > medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe
  • action: flexes and abducts great toe
  • innervation: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
61
Q

adductor hallucis

A
  • attachments: 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head), distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) > lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe
  • action: adducts great toe
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
62
Q

extensor degitorum brevis

A

medial slip is extensor hallucis brevis

  • attachments: anterolateral calcaneus > dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx (digit 1 for EHB), lateral side of tends of extensor digitorum longus (digits 2-4 for EDB)
  • action: extensions of digits 2-5 (MP and IP, EDB), extension of digit 1 (EHB)
  • innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
63
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A
  • attachments: extensor digitorum brevis > dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
  • action: extension of great toe at MP joint
  • innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
64
Q

quadratus plantae

A
  • attachments: medial surface of calcaneus, lateral process of calcaneal tuebrosity > long flexor tendons
  • action: assists flexor digitorum longus
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
65
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A
  • attachments: medial process of calcaneal tuberosity > sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
  • action: flexes toes (proximal IP)
  • innervation: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
66
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A
  • attachments: 5th metatarsal base > proximal phalangeal base
  • action: flexion of 5th digit (MP)
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
67
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A
  • attachments: cuboid, tendon of tibialis posterior > base of proximal phalanx of great toe
  • action: flexion of great toe (MP)
  • innervation: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
68
Q

dorsal interossei

A
  • attachments: metatarsal shafts > proximal phalangeal bases, dorsal digit expansions of digits 2-4
  • action: abducts and flexes MP joint of digits 2-4
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
69
Q

plantar interossei

A
  • attachments: plantar surface of base of metatarsals > dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5
  • action: adducts and flexes MP digits 3-5
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
70
Q

lumbricals

A
  • attachments: tendons of flexor digitorum longus > medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5
  • action: flexes proximal phalanges (MP), extends IP joint
  • innervation:
    • 1st: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
    • 2nd-4th: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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