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cpacc accessibility training > Types of Disabilities > Flashcards

Types of Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

Define Blindness

A

Sightlessness or loss of vision. May refer to partial blindness

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2
Q

Causes of Blindess

A 
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injury
Stroke
Retinis Pigmentosa
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3
Q

What is the Legal Definition of Blindness used for?

A

To determine eligibility in programs

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4
Q

What is the Legal Definition of Blindness in the U.S.?

A

A person with a visual acuity of 20/200 with corrective lenses or has a field of vision 20 degrees in the eye with better vision

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5
Q

How do screen readers work for visually impaired?

A

Convert text into spoken words

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6
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with digital or electronic interfaces?

A Screen readers
B Self-voicing interfaces
C Refreshable braille
D None of the Above
E All of the Above
A

E All of the Above

Screen readers
Self-voicing interfaces
Refreshable braille

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7
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with screen content when screen readers were not optimized?

A They cannot be. Without optimization content is not accessible
B Ensure markup is compatible with assistive tech
C Rely on external assistive technology

A

B Ensure markup is compatible with assistive tech

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8
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with walking?

A

Canes
Service animals
GPS instructions
Raised tiles on ground to indicate edges / danger
Eliminate low-hanging architectural features that may be an obstacle
Clear pathways

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9
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with signs on buildings that they may not see?

A

Map and geolocation support on phone
Braille labels and descriptions
Tactile models

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10
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with controls on flat devices such as microwaves?

A

Alternative interfaces
Audio interfaces
Remote control through mobile applications

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11
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with the inability to read money to determine its value

A

Applications to photograph money and read value
Different size and shapes for different values
Non-cash payment options

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12
Q

How can visually impaired people be supported with reading books and printed materials

A

OCR

Online content that is accessible through assistive technology

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13
Q

Define Low Vision

A

Can see, but far from perfect even with corrective lenses. Broad category of conditions and impairments

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14
Q

How does Screen Magnification impact those with Low Vision?

A

Zoom Text or MAGic tools allow magnifying parts of the screen

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15
Q

How do Screen Readers impact those with Low Vision?

A

Often thought of for blind, but support low vision too, making visuals easier to understand

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16
Q

How does Color Customization impact those with Low Vision?

A

Some contrast ratios are difficult to distinguish and color alone should not be used to communicate information.

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17
Q

Define Color Blindness

A

Refers to inability to distinguish between certain kinds of colors

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18
Q

What are the most prevalent form of color blindness?

A

Red-Green color blindness

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19
Q

Define Deuteranopia and Protanopia

A

Two common sub types of red-green color blindness

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20
Q

Define Tritanopia

A

Blue-yellow color blindness

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21
Q

Define Achromatopsia

A

Insensitivity to all colors, seeing in grayscale

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22
Q

Define Deafblindness

A

If a person is both deaf and blind

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23
Q

Define Auditory Disabilities

A

Involve hearing impairment, hearing loss, and deafness

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24
Q

Define Central Auditory Processing Disorder (ADP)

A

Results in difficulty processing sounds or speech. No measurable hearing loss but difficulty interpreting, organizing, or analyzing what is heard.
May be confused with ADHD, learning disabilities, emotional delays

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25
Q

Distinguish between Deafness and Deaf Culture

A

deaf, lowercase d, is the condition of deafness

Deaf, capital D, refers to Deaf Culture, or the community

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26
Q

How can Web Accessibility support deafness?

A

Provide synchronize video captions plus a transcript on video

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27
Q

Define Mobility Disabilities

A

Affect person’s ability to move independently and purposely such as missing limbs, MS, cerebral palsy, stroke, paralysis, arthritis

28
Q

What percentage of adults in US have a mobility disability?

A < 2.5 % of adults
B 3.5% of adults
C 4% of adults
D 8.5% of adults 
E 10-12% of adults
A

3.5% of adults

29
Q

What percentage of children across the world have ADHD, impacting fine motor control?

A < 3% 
B 3-7% of children worldwide
C 8-11% of children worldwide
D 12-18% of children worldwide
E 19-24% of children worldwide
A

B 3-7% of children worldwide

30
Q

What are some examples of body structure impacting ability?

A

Body size, shape, stature, proportions, dwarfism, rheumatoid arthritis, acromegaly (increased bone size), obesity

31
Q

What percentage of the world’s population has rheumatoid arthritis?

A 1%
B 3-5%
C 7-10% 
D 12%
E 14-17%
A

A 1%

32
Q

What percentage of the world’s population have obesity?

A < 10%
B 15-25 %
C 30-32%
D 39-40%
E 48-51%
A

D 39-40%

33
Q

What are some assistive technologies for those with motor disabilities with regards to computers?

A

Vertical keyboard and mouth stick
One handed keyboard
Expanded keyboard with raised sections
Speech recognition

34
Q

What are the common causes of Cognitive Disabilites?

A

Congenital conditions, development conditions, traumatic injury, infections, chemical imbalances

35
Q

What are common challenges for Web Accessibility regarding those with Cognitive Disabilities?

A 
Limited comprehension
Low tolerance for cognitive overload
Limited problem solving skills 
Short term memory loss
Attention deficit
36
Q

Define Dyslexia

A

Often impacts those with cognitive disabilities. Letters appear out of order or combine/confuse letters

37
Q

Define Math Disabilies

A

Either A: Math anxiety, emotional or psychological fear.

Or

B: Actual inability for brains to process numerical thinking

38
Q

Define Stuttering

A

Speech disability affecting fluency of sounds. May involuntarily repeat, prolong, skip, or block sounds

39
Q

Define Cluttering

A

Speech disability affecitng fluency of speech where rapid speech may become inconsistent with rhythm, syntax, and grammar

40
Q

Define Apraxia

A

Speech disability where difficulty using muscles for speech

41
Q

Define Dysarthria

A

Speech disability caused from brain damage

42
Q

Define Mutism

A

Complete inability to produce a speaking voice

43
Q

Define: Unaided Augmentative and Alternative Communication

A

DO NOT rely on use of external tools, instead rely on body language, facial expressions, gestures, and sign language

44
Q

Define Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication

A

Rely on electronic or non electronic tools and the person’s body (low tech pen and paper all the way through high tech aids)

45
Q

Define Seizeures

A

Abnormal or erratic electrical impulses in the brain interfering with ability to process information, or in some cases control muslce movement

46
Q

Define Photo-Epileptic Seizures

A

Caused by Flashing or strobe like effects

47
Q

Define Psychological / Psyciatric Disabilities

A

Vast range of emotional and mental conditions. First diagnosed as mental illnesses. Includes Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Eating Disorders, Schizophrenia

48
Q

Define Panic Disorder

A

Anxiety disorder caused by feelings of terror or impending doom

49
Q

Define Phobias

A

Anxiety disorder. Strong, excessive, paralyzing fears of objects or situations (e.g., Claustrophobia, arachnophobia)

50
Q

Define Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Anxiety disorder after being exposed to a traumatic event such as war, violence, natural disaster

51
Q

Define Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

Anxiety disorder where a person has perpetually upsetting, distressing thoughts called obsessions and person needs to repeat action to alleviate fear (compulsion)

52
Q

Define Depression

A

Mood Disorder. Characterized as brain disorder. Prolonged sadness, loss of interest

53
Q

Define Bipolar Disorder

A

Mood Disorder. Consists of cycling periods of mania, highs, and lows

54
Q

Define Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A

Mood Disorder. Affects individuals during fall and winter months.

55
Q

Define Schizophrenia

A

Causes unknown. Categorized as positive and negaitve

56
Q

Define Positive Schizophrenia

A

Involves hallucinations and delusions. Hearing voices

57
Q

Define Negative Schizophrenia

A

Involves lack of motivation, dreary mood, isolation

58
Q

Define Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Behavioral disorder difficulty focussing, paying attention, controlling behavior. Experiences divided into three categories

59
Q

How does Inattention relate to ADHD?

A

Easily distracted, daydreaming, difficulty focussing

60
Q

How does Hyperactivity relate to ADHD?

A

Continuous talking, running around, fidgeting, touching things, difficulty completing quiet tasks

61
Q

How doe Impulsivity relate to ADHD?

A

Lack of patience, unsolicited remarks, difficulty controlling emotions

62
Q

Define Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Patterns of behavior showing no regard for rights of others

63
Q

Define Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Personality disorder where a person experiences long-term instability in mood, behaviors, relationships, self-image

64
Q

Define Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating Disorder. Eat very little food, feat of gaining wait

65
Q

Define Bulimia Nervosa

A

Eating Disorder. Eats a lot of food and purges the food.

66
Q

Define Compulsive or binge eating

A

Eating Disorder. Eating larger amount than typical in short amount of time. Intermittent fasting and bingeing

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