Body Imaging

Question 1

What factors about abdominal imaging makes it considered somewhat limited?

Answer 1

limited due to motion artifacts, inconsistent breathing and long acquisition times.

Question 2

What is the mandatory sequence used in MRI abdomen?

Answer 2

T1 weighted IN AND OUT of phase, usually axials.

Question 3

Why is in and out phase sequences so helpful for abdominal imaging?

Answer 3

they are good at evaluating fatty/high lipid content masses such as fatty livers and adrenal ademonas.

Question 4

T1 weighted, Spoiled Gradient Echo sequences with Fat Suppression
with scan times short enough to acquire in a single breath hold are preferred. Why is that?

Answer 4

malignancies tend to fill quickly with rapid injection of IV contrast compared to benign structures

Question 5

How come when doing an MRCP, the liver, kidneys, spleen and bowel are seen as well?

Answer 5

that’s because MRCPs use REALLY long TE’s to visualize fluid, and these tend to suppress backround tissue

Question 6

a tumor found in a pediatric patient’s kidney, is likely called a ??

Answer 6

Wilm’s tumor

Question 7

What is another word for a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor?

Answer 7

islet cell tumors

Question 8

What is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

celiac or sma?

Answer 8

Celiac

Question 9

The celiac branch of the aorta branches off into what other arteries?

Answer 9

gastric hepatic and splenic

Question 10

The hepatic portal vein is a vessel that drains blood from the GI tract and spleen to feed what organ?

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

The portal vein is formed by what vessels?

Answer 11

splenic vein
SMA
IMA
and gastric vein

Question 12

When you’re scanning someone for “hemosiderin” (yellowish protein that contains iron), what type of imaging is best for this?

Answer 12

T2* Gradient Echo sequence.

Question 13

If a patient has an abnormal accumulation of iron or hemochromatosis, what type of imaging would we do?

Answer 13

T2* Gradient echo

these are good for detecting iron deposit susceptibilities and appear hypointense.

Question 14

If a patient has Crohns disease, what type of imaging would we do?

Answer 14

MR Enterography using contrast and anti-peristalsis agents to reduce bowel movement.

Question 15

Where is the prostate gland located?

Answer 15

posterior and inferior to the bladder in a male.

Question 16

For male pelvis exams, we use a ___ FOV, ____ resolution, and what type of weighted image (t2 or t1?)

Answer 16

PROSTATE :
SMALL FIELD OF VIEW
HIGH RESOLUTION
T2 WEIGHTED

Question 17

What is a landmark radiologist use for prostate images?

Answer 17

the puboprostatic ligament

Question 18

What is the innermost lining of the uterus called?

Answer 18

endometrium

Question 19

What is the best imaging plane for a FEMALE pelvis?

sag, coronal or ax?

Answer 19

SAGITTAL.

Question 20

Can breast MRI detect microcalcifications?

Answer 20

no, which is not good bc most breast cancers are associated with microcalcs.

Question 21

If someone has DENSE breast tissue, they might likely need a breast MRI.

True or false and why?

Answer 21

True, because MRI is good at differenciating tumors in dense tissue whereas ultrasound/mammo is not.

Question 22

MRI is the primary imaging to evaluate for breast implant ruptures.

True or False and why?

Answer 22

True because of its superior soft tissue imaging capabilities

Question 23

Fat suppression in breast MRI is CRUCIAL.

True or False

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

When scanning for a breast MRI for implant rupture, we need a ___FOV, and a ___ orientation.

Small or large
sag, ax, coron?

Answer 24

BREAST IMPLANT RUPTURE

SMALL FIELD OF VIEW
SAGITTAL.

Question 25

What is the second branch off of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 25

SMA

Question 26

The common iliacs join together to form the ____

Answer 26

IVC

Question 27

A disease that is characterized by narrowing of the aorta is called an

Answer 27

aortic coarctation

occasionally abbreviated CoA: Coarctation of Aorta

Question 28

Why do we do “subtraction” in MRA?

Answer 28

its a method that reduces signal from the backround tissues, which increases the vascular contrast and detail.

Question 29

An MRA Runoff of the Lower Extremities would require coverage to include the iliac
bifurcation down to and including the dorsalis pedis artery.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

What is an aortic dissection?

Answer 30

its a tear of the innermost layer of the thoracic or abdominal aorta.

Question 31

The anterior tibial artery leads into the _____ pedis artery

Answer 31

Dorsal pedis artery.

Question 32

What is the major bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 32

the right and left common iliac arteries.

Question 33

the ________ is a small vein whose function is to drain the posterior abdominal and thoracic wall.

Answer 33

Azygos vein

Question 34

A patient presenting with an elevated PSA would have a study with attention to which organ?

Answer 34

Prostate

Question 35

is used as an anti-peristalsis agent in MR Enterography procedures.

Answer 35

Glucagon