Lecture 18: Measure of Association Flashcards
What does analytic epidemiology study?
Is the exposure associated with the outcome
How do you find association?
Through analytic study designs
What are examples of analytic study designs?
4
- Cross-sectional & Ecological
- Cohort
- Case-control
- Randomise controlled trial
What factors encompass PECOT?
Population - The group of people in the study
Exposure - What the potential determinant is
Comparison - What the potential determinant is being compared to
Outcome - The health outcome being assessed
Time - How long people are being followed-up
What aspects compose the GATE frame?
- Population
- Exposure/comparison groups
- Outcome
What are the 2 populations in a GATE frame?
- Source - population the sample is recruited from
- Sample - population included in your study
What is relative risk?
How many times as likely is the exposed group to develop the outcome than the comparison group
What does the ratio of incidences tell us?
Relative risk
How do you calculate relative risk?
Incidence exposed / Incidence comparison
What does it mean if exposure doesn’t change occurrence of outcome for relative risk?
No association between exposure and outcome
What is the null value for relative risk?
0
What does it mean if there is a greater occurrence of outcome in an exposed group for relative risk?
If the outcome is bad, exposure is potentially a risk for the outcome
What does it mean if there is a greater occurrence of outcome in a comparison group for relative risk?
If the outcome is bad, exposure is potentially a protective factor for the outcome
What is the template for interpreting relative risk?
the EXPOSED GROUP were VALUE as likely to develop OUTCOME compared to COMPARISON GROUP
The same interpretation used for relative risk is used regardless of what?
Using incident proportion or incidence rate
