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endocrine > endocrine pancreas > Flashcards

endocrine pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

normal range BG

A

4.2-6.3

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2
Q

hypoglycaemia [BG]

A

< 3

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3
Q

insulin effect [BG]

A

lowers it

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4
Q

glucagon effect [BG]

A

increases it

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5
Q

alpha islet cell

A

glucagon

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6
Q

beta islet cell

A

insulin

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7
Q

delta islet cell

A

somatostatin

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8
Q

F islet cell

A

pancreatic polypeptide

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9
Q

what is extra glucose stored as

A

glycogen in liver

TAG in liver and adipose tissue

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10
Q

amino acid uses

A

make new proteins
excess converted to fat
can be enery source

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11
Q

storage of fatty acids

A

TAGs in adipose tissue + liver

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12
Q

mechanism control insulin secretion by BG

A

inc BG –> metabolism increases
ATP increases and Katp channels close
cell depolarises and Ca channels open
Ca entry triggers exocytosis and insulin release

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13
Q

primary action of insulin

A

bind to tyrosine kinase receptors of insulin-sensitive cells which mobilises GLUT-4 channels to cell membrane

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14
Q

additional actions insulin

A
  • inc glycogen synthesis
  • inc amino acid uptake
  • inc protein synthesis
  • inc TAG synthesis
  • permissive effect GH
  • promote K+ entry cells
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15
Q

stimuli which inc insulin release

A
  • inc BG
  • inc amino acid
  • glucagon
  • gastrin, CCK
  • vagal nerve activity
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16
Q

stimuli which inhibit insulin release

A
  • low BG
  • somatostatin
  • sympathetic effect
  • stress e.g.hypoxia
17
Q

glucose counter regulatory control system

A

glucagon
epinephrine
cortisol
GH

18
Q

actions of glucagon

A

inc glycogenolysis
inc gluconeogenesis
form ketones

(all result in elevated BG)

19
Q

stimuli that promote glucagon release

A 
low BG
inc amino acid 
sympathetic effect + epinephrine 
cortisol
stress e.g. hypoxia
20
Q

effect exercise BG

A

entry glucose into skeletal muscle inc during exercise (even w no inuslin)

21
Q

starvation effect BG

A

adipose tissue broken down and FFA released

excess converted to ketones for brain and muscle

22
Q

ketoacidosis

A

FFA build up in plasma and create acidosis

23
Q

stimuli that inhibit glucagon release

A

glucose
insulin
free fatty acids + ketones
somatostatin

endocrine (19 decks)

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