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Cardiopulm > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

HF signs and symptoms

A
  1. exertional dyspnea
  2. orthopnea (supine)
  3. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (SOB at night)
  4. Fatigue
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2
Q

HF: common clinical signs

A
  1. fluid retention
  2. ascities
  3. pleural effusions
  4. JVD
  5. hepatomegaly
  6. pitting edema
  7. tachycardia
  8. s3 gallop
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3
Q

L sided HF

A

contractility of LV is reduced.

  • reduced SV, EF, CO
  • collectively blood flow to body reduced
  • fatigue, exercise intolerance, SOB
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4
Q

L sided HF

Causes

A
  1. HTN
  2. CAD
  3. Arrhythmias
  4. Decreased CO caused by impaired ventricular filling and decreased ventricular relaxation
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5
Q

How does HTN cause L sided HF

A
  1. cardiac hypertrophy leads to dec. myocardial damage.

2. leads to cardiac remodeling and reduced contractility

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6
Q

How does CAD cause L sided HF

A
  1. chronic ischemic damage to myocardium

2. remodeling and scarring in myocardium = decreased contractility

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7
Q

Vascular congestion

A
  • an engorgement of a vascular structure with blood

- changes the pressure within that structure

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8
Q

With L sided HF, why does LA diastolic pressure increase?

A
  1. reduced contractility of L side leads to increased LVEDV and LVEDP
  2. Decreased blood movement from LA into LV during ventricular diastole
  3. Blood accumulates in LA (increased pressure)
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9
Q

How does L sided HF lead to pulmonary edema?

A
  1. increased LA diastolic pressure
  2. decreased movement from lungs into LA during LA diastole
  3. Increased blood volume in pulmonary circulation / congestion
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10
Q

Hemoptysis

A

bloody sputum

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11
Q

T/F: R sided HF leads to decreased urine production

A

False

L sided

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12
Q

LHF

“DO CHAP”

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Orthopnea
  • Cough
  • Hemoptysis
  • Adventitious breath sounds
  • Pulmonary congestion
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13
Q

R sided HF

A
  1. contractility of RV is reduced

2. accumulation of blood in RV, RA, and systemic circulation

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14
Q

R sided HF signs and symptoms

A
  1. abdominal blotting/swelling/ascites
  2. kidney failure
  3. JVD
  4. Weight Gain
  5. Dependent edema
  6. DVT and PE
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15
Q

CHF

A

heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet metabolic needs of body due to pathological changes to myocardium.

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16
Q

Clinical stages of CHF

A
  1. normal
  2. asymptomatic LV dysfunction
  3. compensated CHF
  4. decompensated CHF
  5. Refractory CHF
17
Q

Compensated CHF

A
  • no symptoms
  • dec exercise
  • abdnormal LV fxn
18
Q

Decompensated CHF

A
  • symptoms
  • decreased exercise
  • abnormal LV fxn
19
Q

Refractory CHF

A

symptoms not controlled with treatment

20
Q

HF

Stage A

A

at high risk for developing HF in future

21
Q

HF

Stage B

A

structural heart disorder with no symptoms at any stage

22
Q

HF

Stage C

A

previous or current symptoms of HF managed with med treatment

23
Q

HF

stage D

A

advanced disease requiring hospital based support, transplant, or palliative care

24
Q

Acute HF

A
  • exacerbation
  • sudden onset of dyspnea and limb/LE swelling
  • increase of 5 lbs within 24 hrs
25
Q

Systloic HF

A
  1. HRrEF
  2. LV contractility reduced
  3. reduced EF
  4. reduced delivery of blood (dec O2 delivery)
26
Q

Diastolic HF is seen more commonly in:

A
  1. females
  2. older age
  3. HTN
  4. metabolic syndrome
  5. renal dysfunction
  6. obesity
27
Q

Diastolic HF pathophysiology

A
  1. ventricles lose ability to relax normally
  2. ventricle less compliant
  3. heart chambers can’t fill normally
  4. global loss of cardiac, vascular, and peripheral reserve
28
Q

HFrEF vs HFpEF:

more frequent hospitalization

A

HFrEF

29
Q

HFrEF vs HFpEF:

more common in women than men

A

HFpEF

30
Q

HFrEF vs HFpEF:

more common in men than women

A

HFrEF

31
Q

HFrEF vs HFpEF:

Chronic comorbidities include HTN, T2DM, obesity, renal disease)

A

Both

32
Q

HF medications

A
  1. diuretics
  2. beta blockers
  3. ace inhibitors/ ARB
  4. calcium channel blockers
  5. vasodilators
  6. positive ionotropes
33
Q

HF: “non cardio-centric” components

A
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • skeletal muscle damage
  • dec systemic blood flow causing vasoconstriction
  • kidney dysfunction

Cardiopulm (20 decks)

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