Respiratory

Question 1

Causes of Bronchiectasis

Answer 1

Congenital

• Cystic fibrosis
• Primary ciliary dyskinesia
• Congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia
• Yellow nail syndrome

Acquired

• Infections in childhood (eg TB, pneumonia, measles, whooping cough)
• Localised disease (eg bronchial adenoma, TB, foreign body)
• ABPA (proximal bronchiectasis)
• RA, Sjogrens syndrome
• COPD
• Recurrent aspirations
• ILD and pneumoconiosis
• Idiopathic
• Malignancy (rare)

Investigations

• CXR - cystic lesions, streaky infiltration, thickened bronchial walls (tram tracking)
• Sputum MCS
• Immunoglobulin
• CF testing
• Eosinophilia
• RFTs - restrictive vs obstructive
• ABG
• HRCT