Upper Airway Flashcards
3 types of upper airway obstructive disease leading to laryngeal collapse
- brachycephalic airway disease
- laryngeal paralysis
- tracheal collapse
primary features of brachycephalic airway disease
- stenotic nares
- elongated soft palate
- tracheal hypoplasia
secondary features of brachycephalic airway disease
- everted laryngeal saccules
- laryngeal/pharyngeal oedema
- tonsil eversion
- laryngeal collapse
breeds associated with congenital inherited laryngeal paralysis
- bull terriers
- siberian huskies
- dalmations
- rotties
breeds associated with acquired (late onset) laryngeal paralysis
- labs/goldens
- st.bernards
- afghans
- irish setters
what is laryngeal paralysis?
failure of arytenoid abduction –> recurrent laryngeal nerves + cricoarytenoid dorsalis m. pathologies
what exams are necessary when assessing a dog with laryngeal paralysis?
- neurologic/gait exam –> neuromuscular disease which may cause muscle weakness/atrophy, ataxia
- +/- oesophogram –> may be assoc. w/ megO
signalment of tracheal collapse
- middle aged
- small and toy breeds
- Poms, yorkies, mini poodles, pugs
what condition often presents w/ a ‘honking’ type cough?
tracheal collapse
what is the normal tracheal measurement on rads?
normal dog tracheal diameter is 20% of the thoracic inlet measurement
when is Doxopram used?
it is a respiratory stimulant that can be used to induce some breathing if dog is apnoeic during a laryngeal exam
Stage 1 laryngeal collapse =
everted saccules - vocal folds and saccules
Stage 2 laryngeal collapse =
symmetrical falling towards midline and lowering of piniform proccesses
Stage 3 laryngeal collapse =
corniculate proccess falls towards midline (as well as midline piniform)
what is the Traders technique for nares resection?
resecting the entire alar process –> heals w/ granular tissue/scarring
