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Special Considerations > Test Number 1 > Flashcards

Test Number 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
New Born (1 mo) 
Neonate (hours)
A

RR: 40-60
P: 160-180
BP: 70mmHg

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2
Q

Infant (1mo-1yr)

A

RR 20-30
P 100-160
BP 90 mmHg

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3
Q

Toddler (1-3 yo)

A

RR 20-30
P 80-120
BP 70-100/60

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4
Q

Preschooler (3-5)

A

RR 20-30
P 80-100
BP 80-110/70

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5
Q

School Age (6-12)

A

RR 20-30
P 70-110
BP 120/80

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6
Q

Adolescents (13-18)

A

RR 12-20
P 60-100
BP 120/80

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7
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

(pulmonary artery) Shunts blood from left pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing fetus lungs, mother provides oxygen, closes 24 hours after birth.

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8
Q

Ductus Venous

A

(bypass liver) Connects the left umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava. Allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and return to the body, closes between 15-20 days.

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9
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

(heart) Small hole located in the atrial septum used in fetal circulation, blood travels from the right to left side of the heart bypassing the lungs, closes after the baby takes its first breath,

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10
Q

Diagnosis of exclusion

A

SIDS, epilepsy

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11
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 1 -

A

Pre-conventional Morality

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12
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 2-

A

Conventional Morality

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13
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 3-

A

Post- conventional Morality

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14
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 1 (Stage 1)

A

(punishment and obedience) Children obey rules simply to avoid punishment.

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15
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 1 (Stage 2)

A

(instrumental exchange) Child does what is necessary and makes concessions only as necessary to satisfy own needs.

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16
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 2 (Stage 3)

A

(interpersonal conformity) “be a good boy or girl.” Fitting in. Whatever is best for the group, is best for me. If everyone were to walk off a cliff, would you? -Yes.

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17
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 2 (Stage 4)

A

(maintaining social order) respect rules and authority

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18
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 2 (Stage 5)

A

(prior rights and social contract) logical application of universal, abstract, moral principles.

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19
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages Level 2 (Stage 6)

A

(universal ethical principles) messiah phase - golden rule, having rights means more than individual liberties.

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20
Q

What is Purpura?

A

A rash of purple spots due to small blood vessels leaking blood into the skin, joints, intestines, or organs.

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21
Q

asthmaticus

A

It is a type of asthma that does not respond to treatment

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22
Q

Signs and Symptoms of respiratory problems?

A

Dyspnea, audible wheezes, tripoding, absent lung sounds (silent wheezer a deadly wheezer). Prolonged expiratory phase, grunting.

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23
Q

Croup-

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis, infectious process, narrowing of larynx to cricoid,

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24
Q

parainfluenza virus

A

3 months to 3 years old.

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25
Q

Signs and symptoms of Croup

A

upper respirations . infection, lower grade fever <102.2, slow onset usually at night, barking cough.

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26
Q

Treatment for Croup

A

humidified 02, position, racemic epinephrine

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27
Q

Bronchiolitis (RSV)

A

respiratory syncitial virus. Inflammation of lower airways. Under 1 years, usually self limiting, December- April. Causes nasal congestion, nose breathers won’t eat.

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28
Q

S/S of Bronchiolitis (RSV)

A

Hypoxic, Nasal flaring, chest wall retractions, croupy cough, expiratory wheezing, prolonged expiration, rales and rhonchi. Tachypnea, with apneic episodes. Otitis media

Treatment- High flow 02, vent, albuterol, and transport.

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29
Q

Epiglotitis-

A

Bacterial infection, swelling of epiglottis, H-influenza B. Critical airway problem. Epiglottis covers trachea from food. If becomes swollen can block trachea. Age 3-7 but not exclusive. Severe pain in back of throat. If it occludes, positive pressure ventilation.

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30
Q

Tracheitis

A

Bacterial (staphylococcus aureus), more common than epiglottis. Commonly seen with pneumonia.

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31
Q

S/S of Tracheitis

A

upper wheezing (stridor), cough, mucous, hoarseness, moderate to high fever, no drooling, maybe albuterol or racemic epinephrine .

Treatment- supportive care, position, practice for advanced airway.

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32
Q

Foreign Body Obstruction

A

Acute onset, no history of illness. Upper airway. Tongue- size of the tongue, proper position, sniffing, elevate shoulders.

33
Q

s/s foreign body obstruction

A

Signs/symptoms- acute respiratory distress, stridor (partial), no air movement (full obstruction), drooling, hx of choking.

34
Q

SIDS-

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

Incidence- 3 of every 1000 live births. Age- 90% by 6 months. Sex- males. Time- Increases in winter. Race- Non- whites. Social- Lower socioeconomic. Birth- premature, x births, low APGAR. Siblings- 5x greater risk if sibling died from SIDS. Diagnosis of exclusion. All SIDS scenes are crime scenes.

35
Q

status seizures.

A

Pt is still seizing

36
Q

Partial seizure

A

short, no postictal state, may stay conscious

37
Q

Generalized seizure

A

petit mal- gaze, finger twitch (can have up to 60/day). Tonic/clonic- posture, postictal.

38
Q

What do you need to know if actual seizure?

A

EEG

39
Q

Manifestation

A

abnormal behavior, altered LOC, abnormal motor/sensory (clonic/tonic).

40
Q

Meningitis-

A

may be mistaken for febrile (can’t be broken)

41
Q

Treatment of seizures?

A

secure airway, 02, valium 0.5 mg/kg, D10, 25, antipyretic (makes fever go away), watch for recurrent seizures.

42
Q

What is the leading cause of death to children?

A

Trauma

43
Q

Comorbid illness can have what be a leading problem?

A

polypharmacology

44
Q

Trauma is never an answer

A

trauma is a mechanism that causes the injury

45
Q

how does ASA keep you from clotting?

A

prevents Thromboxane (T2) from being released from platelets, platelets release (T2) to attract more platelets.

46
Q

how old when your brain is fully developed?

A

25yrs is when you brain is fully developed.

47
Q

what is believed to be the new fully developed age?

A

30, brain is fully developed because of the technology age.

48
Q

Is stridor a lower airway?

A

No

49
Q

Can SIDS be prevented?

A

No

50
Q

how fast for kids CPR

A

100BPM

51
Q

Is Cerebral Palsy progressive?

A

NO

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood. Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles.

52
Q

Why would a cerebral palsy pt call EMS?

A

seizures

53
Q

What is Myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune

is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle

54
Q

Sensory aphasia

A

No longer understand spoken word

55
Q

spina bifida.

A

a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth

(a bulge at the base of the spine coming out the back)

56
Q

what is common with spina bifida?

A

hydrocephalus

57
Q

Ageism-

A

Stereotypical and often negative bias against older adults.

58
Q

what is Mucoviscidosis

A

another name for cystic fibrosis.

59
Q

Labrynthitis

A

inner ear infection.

Think your inner ear is like a labyrinth

60
Q

Patau syndrome

A

Trisomy 13 (chromosome 13 abnormality), can cause many different developmental abnormalities.

61
Q

Digoxin

A

type of medicine called a cardiac glycoside. It’s used to control some heart problems, such as irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) including atrial fibrillation.

slow-k (used to provide extra potassium) and HCTZ (diuretic)

62
Q

what is Ageism

A

is stereotyping and/or discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.

63
Q

what is epiphyseal plates

A

Growth Plates where the calcification is happening

64
Q

what is CVA?

A

cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

65
Q

what is transposing?

A

when two things switch with each other.

66
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

Pulmonary and systemic
vessels coming off of heart are reversed. May not be recognized until birth. In the
field, if the patient does not “pink” up after ventilation, there’s a problem.

67
Q

Scaffolding

A

Its the parent helping the child build on simple skills and leading them to learn to do more and build off the last skill. This is what will help the kid develop confidence and proper growth in skills.

68
Q

trust vs. mistrust

A

Trust vs mistrust stage-without caring environment, infants may become suspicious, fearful, mistrusting of his/her surroundings

69
Q

how much weight will an infant drop with in the first week?

A

5-10%

70
Q

After about a month the infant will grow how much?

A

30 g/day

71
Q

baby head is about how big in comparison to body?

A

25%

72
Q

what is the difference between living will and DNR?

A

living will: if you were to be unable to make a decision due to being incompasitated, it gives clear instruction on the type of care you will allow for.

DRN: Do Not Resuscitate
This can either be with CPR or breathing (intubation)

73
Q

what is the difference between living will and DNR?

A

living will: if you were to be unable to make a decision due to being incapacitated, it gives clear instruction on the type of care you will allow for.

DRN: Do Not Resuscitate
This can either be with CPR or breathing (intubation)

74
Q

why do most elderly pt get altered?

A

UTI, dementia, Alzheimer’s, CVA (stroke or fall and hit their head), septic, Problem with heart and poor cardiac output

75
Q

what is pre·co·cious?

A

when a Childs body starts to develop too soon (puberty too soon)

76
Q

when do peer groups start to take over?

A

in the school age (6-12)

77
Q

menarche

A

first menstrual cycle

78
Q

4 types of parenting

A
  • authoritarian
  • permissive
  • uninvolved
  • authoritative
79
Q

what is a one pill killer?

A

a drug that if a kid takes can kill them right then.

Ex: Catapres (clonidine)

Special Considerations (4 decks)

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