Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

What are the seven things key to a balanced diet?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and Water.

Question 2

What does fibre do?

Answer 2

Helps keep your digestive system working and prevents constipation.

Question 3

When are you considered obese?

Answer 3

When you weigh 20% or more than the recommended weight for your height.

Question 4

What is scurvy?

Answer 4

A disease that causes issues in your connective tissues from the lack of vitamin C.

Question 5

What are the effects of starvation?

Answer 5

Slow growth in children, being more likely to get infections and irregular periods in women.

Question 6

For every kg of body mass how much energy do you need?

Answer 6

5.4 kJ

Question 7

What does BER stand for?

Answer 7

Basic energy requirement

Question 8

How do you calculate daily BER?

Answer 8

5.4 x 24 hrs x body mass (kg)

Question 9

The lack of what causes anaemia?

Answer 9

Iron.

Question 10

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 10

Tiredness, lethargy, shortness of breath, noticeable heart beats and pale skin. There are many other less common symptoms such as hair loss and a sore tongue.

Question 11

What determines your energy needs?

Answer 11

How active you are, how old you are and your biological sex.

Question 12

What is the average amount of energy a man must eat a day?

Answer 12

10,500 kJ

Question 13

What is the average amount of energy a woman must eat a day?

Answer 13

8400 kJ

Question 14

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 14

A severe protein deficiency in which the body can’t grow and repair tissues and the immune system becomes weak.

Question 15

What are the effects of kwashiorkor?

Answer 15

Stunted growth and a swollen belly.

Question 16

What reagent should you use to test for starch?

Answer 16

Iodine.

Question 17

What colour will the solution turn if starch is present?

Answer 17

Blue-black

Question 18

What reagent should you use to test for protein?

Answer 18

Beirut solution.

Question 19

What colour will the solution turn if protein is present?

Answer 19

Purple or mauve

Question 20

What reagent should you use to test for lipids?

Answer 20

Sudan III.

Question 21

What will happen to the solution if lipids are present?

Answer 21

A red-stained oil layer will float on the surface.

Question 22

What is another method for testing for lipids?

Answer 22

Add ethanol and then the solution must be added to water. Then, shake the solution and if it turns cloudy, lipids are present.

Question 23

What reagent should you use to test for sugar?

Answer 23

Benedict’s reagent, then heat the solution for two minutes.

Question 24

What colour will the solution turn if sugars are present?

Answer 24

Green, red or yellow, depending on the concentration.

Question 25

What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 25

Responsible for mechanically breaking down food as well as releasing enzymes stored in the saliva.

Question 26

What is the role of the oesophagus in digestion?

Answer 26

Transporting food from mouth to stomach.

Question 27

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

Answer 27

Churning the food, secreting acid that can kill pathogens (harmful bacteria) and releasing more enzymes.

Question 28

What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?

Answer 28

Absorption of the food happens where it can then be transported into the blood system and around the body.

Question 29

What is the role of the large intestine?

Answer 29

This is where water absorption happens.

Question 30

What is the role of the rectum in digestion?

Answer 30

It is where the waste material is stored.

Question 31

What is the role of bacteria in the digestive system?

Answer 31

Making sure that harmful bacteria do not grow well there, making an enzyme that breaks down certain carbohydrates found in the cell wall of plants, removing or digesting some materials that may make you feel ill or unwell.

Question 32

What is the product of photosynthesis?

Answer 32

Glucose.

Question 33

How do plants get their food?

Answer 33

They get their minerals from the soil, when they are absorbed through their roots; they get their water in the same way, absorbing it from the soil using their roots and they get the other nutrients (e.g. carbohydrates) from photosynthesis.