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BIO 181-201 > Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves (BIO 181-201) > Flashcards

Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves (BIO 181-201) Flashcards

1
Q

tracts

A
  • distinct bundle of CNS axons
  • common origin, destination & function
  • mylenated
  • named: Origin, destination
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2
Q

meninges

A

membranes that surround nerve portion of spinal cord

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3
Q

duramater

A
  • outermost layer

- very tough

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4
Q

arachnoid mater

A
  • thin

- weblike membrane

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5
Q

pia mater

A
  • innermost layer
  • firmly attached to fluid nervous tissue
  • forms filum teriminale
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6
Q

subarachnoid space

A
  • arachnoid & pia mater

- weblike strands of arachnoid mater, CFS, blood vessels

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7
Q

white matter

A

outer portion of spinal cord

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8
Q

grey matter

A

inner portion of spinal cord

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9
Q

ventral root

A
  • NO GANGLION

- motor information

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10
Q

sensory receptors

A
  • responds to specific stimuli only

- can only reach spine if strong enough to create action potential

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11
Q

sensory neuron

A

goes through dorsal root (back)

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12
Q

interneuron

A
  • makes IDSP’s and EPSP’s

- makes appropriate reflex responce

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13
Q

motor neuron

A
  • skeletal muscle effector=somatic reflex

- smooth, cardiac muscle or glands= autonomic (visceral) reflex

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14
Q

stimulus= stretching

reflex=________

A

shortening

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15
Q

dorsal ramus

A
  • branch

- wraps around muscles and skin

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16
Q

ventral ramus

A
  • forms things in different spinal regions

- thorastic= intercostal nerves

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17
Q

anterior median fissure

A
  • shows anterior side of spine
  • large fissure
  • entire length of spinal cord
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18
Q

ventral rami are roots of the _____

A

plexus

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19
Q

horns

A

grey matter

20
Q

thin posterior (dorsal)

A
  • thin

- neuron cell bodies for somatic visceral sensory neculi

21
Q

large anterior (ventral)

A
  • motor
  • large
  • contain cell bodies for symatic neurons
22
Q

small lateral

A
  • thorastic and lumbar

- visceral motor neculi (none in neck)

23
Q

grey commissures

A
  • 2

- connects horns on left and right to communicate

24
Q

rootlets

A
  • 6 to 8 associated with grey matter

- comes together to form dorsal and ventral roots

25
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A
  • collection of neuron cell bodies

- carries sensory information

26
Q

cervical plexus

A
  • c1 to c4
  • roots and branches
  • phrenic nerve (diaphragm)
27
Q
  • C5 to T1
  • trunks
  • named for position in respect to axilary artery
A

brachial plexus

28
Q

lumbar plexus

A

T12 to L4

29
Q

major nerves from lumbar plexus

A

-genitfemoral
_lateral femoral cutaneous
-femoral nerve
-saphenous

30
Q

spinal nerves of sacral plexus

A

L4 to S4

31
Q

2 major nerves fro sacral plexus

A
  • sciatic ____> fibular and tibial

- pudendal

32
Q

MS

A
  • localized brain lesions
  • demyelination of neurons in brain and spinal cord myelin sheaths become hard causing poor conduction of action potentials
33
Q

spina bifida

A
  • congenital defect of veretebral column L5 and/or L1 fail to unite at midline
  • menigies and/or spinal cord may protrude through defect in laminae
34
Q

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

A

-caused by poliovirus produces paralysis bu destroying all bodies of motor neurons

35
Q

meningitis

A
  • inflammation of meninges due to infection usually by bacteria or virus.
  • pus may accumulate in subarachnoid space; disrupting CFS
  • stiffness in neck, headache and fever, paralysis, coma or death
36
Q

shingles

A
  • acute infection of peripheral nervous system
  • caused by herpes zoster
  • survives in dorsal (posterior) root ganglion—>sensory neurons of skin by fast ___ transport
  • pain, skin discoloration, skin blisters
37
Q

tabes dorsalis

A
  • progressive, untreated syphilis
  • wasting away of dorsal roots and columns
  • symptoms: ataxia–> anesthesia–>paralysis
38
Q

myocradial infraction (MI) (heart attack)

A

when blood flow to an area of the heart is blocked, oxygen and nutrients fail to reach its cells. waste products are not removed and the muscle cells die

39
Q

some women’s heart attack symptoms seem more ___ like

A

flu

40
Q

life threatening complications that can result from either too much insulin or too little food

A

insulin reaction or hyperglycemia

41
Q

__ and ___ may also lead to insulin reaction in people with diabetes

A

vomiting; diarrhea

42
Q

glucose tablets

A

quick source of sugar for diabetics

43
Q

first signs of insulin reaction

A
  • feeling weak or different
  • nervousness
  • dizziness
  • perspiration
44
Q

having too little insulin in the body resulting from infections (especially UTIs) undiagnosed diabetes, not enough insulin, eating too much, not enough exercise, or stress

A

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemia

45
Q

involuntary, often violent, contractions of muscles caused by abnormalities in the brain

A

seizures

BIO 181-201 (12 decks)

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