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EPPP > Psychodynamic Psychotherapies > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Psychotherapies Flashcards

1
Q

Freudian psychoanalysis worldview

A

essentially pessimistic, deterministic, mechanistic, and reductionistic

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2
Q

Freud’s structural theory personality components

A

id, ego, superego

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3
Q

id - 5 characteristics

A
  • present at birth
  • life and death instincts
  • source of all psychic energy
  • pleasure principle
  • seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives and needs
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4
Q

ego - 7 characteristics

A
  • develops at about six months of age
  • response to the id’s inability to gratify all of its needs
  • operates on the basis of the reality principle
  • defers gratification
  • employs secondary process thinking
  • realistic, rational thinking and planning
  • mediate conflicting demands of the id, reality and superego
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5
Q

superego - 4 characteristics

A
  • develops at four and five years
  • internalization of society’s values and standards
  • conveyed through rewards and punishments
  • attempts to permanently block the id’s socially unacceptable impulses
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6
Q

Freud’s developmental theory

A

proposes that personality is formed during childhood as the result of experiences that occur during five predetermined psychosexual stages of development

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7
Q

psychosexual stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

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8
Q

Freud’s definition of libido

A

id’s sexual energy

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9
Q

Freud’s definition of anxiety

A

unpleasant feeling linked with excitement of the autonomic nervous system to alert the ego to internal or external threats

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10
Q

defense mechanisms definition

A
  • occur when the ego is unable to ward off danger through rational, realistic means
  • operate on an unconscious level and serve to deny or distort reality
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11
Q

repression

A

underlies all other defense mechanisms and occurs when the id’s drives and needs are excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious

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12
Q

types of defense mechanisms

A

repression, reaction formation, projection

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13
Q

reaction formation

A

avoiding an anxiety-evoking impulse by expressing its opposite

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14
Q

projection

A

threatening impulse is attributed to another person or other external source

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15
Q

psychodynamic view of maladaptive behavior

A

psychopathology stems from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood

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16
Q

psychodynamic therapy goals

A

reduce or eliminate pathological symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into the personality

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17
Q

psychodynamic techniques

A

analysis, of client’s free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences

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18
Q

psychic determinism

A

the belief that all behaviors are meaningful and serve some psychological function

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19
Q

parapraxes

A

slips of the tongue

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20
Q

steps of psychodynamic analysis

A

confrontation, clarification, interpretation, and working through

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21
Q

Confrontation

A

making statements that help the client see his or her behavior in a new way

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22
Q

clarification

A

clarifying the client’s feelings and restating his/her remarks in clearer terms

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23
Q

interpretation

A

explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes

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24
Q

Catharsis

A

emotional release resulting from the recall of unconscious material

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25
Q

Working through

A

allows the client to gradually assimilate new insights into his or her personality

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26
Q

Recent modifications to the Freudian approach

A

more collaborative, egalitarian view of the therapeutic relationship and a reconceptualization of transference and countertransference

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27
Q

brief psychodynamic therapies

A

Prochaska and Norcross (2003)
time-limited, target a specific interpersonal problem that is usually identified in the first session, begin using interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship, and emphasize the development of a strong working alliance

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28
Q

teleological approach

A

regards behavior as being largely motivated by a person’s future goals, rather than determined by past events

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29
Q

Adler’s individual psychology key concepts

A

Inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, style of life, and social interest

30
Q

Inferiority feelings

A

develop during childhood as the result of real or perceived biological, psychological, or social weaknesses

31
Q

striving for superiority

A

an inherent tendency toward “perfect completion”

32
Q

style of life

A
  • specific ways a person chooses to compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority
  • unifies the various aspects of the personality
  • healthy or mistaken
  • affected by early experiences
  • established by 4-5yo
33
Q

healthy style of life

A

goals that reflect optimism, confidence, and concern about the welfare of others

34
Q

mistaken style of life

A

goals reflecting self-centeredness, competitiveness, and striving for personal power

35
Q

Adler - pampered children

A

do not develop social feelings

36
Q

Adler - neglected children

A

dominated by a need for revenge

37
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

represent a mistaken style of life, characterized by maladaptive attempts to compensate for feelings of inferiority, a preoccupation with achieving personal power, and a lack of social interest

38
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • establishing a collaborative relationship
  • identify and understand their style of life
  • reorienting the client’s beliefs and goals so that they support a more adaptive lifestyle
39
Q

lifestyle investigation

A

yields information about the client’s family constellation, fictional (hidden) goals, and “basic mistakes” (distorted beliefs and attitudes)

40
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology Application

A 
individual psychotherapy
group therapy
family and marital counseling
parent education
teacher-student relationships
41
Q

Systematic Training for Effective Teaching

A

based on Adler’s approach and assumes that all behavior is goal-directed and purposeful
misbehavior of young children is viewed as having one of four goals — attention, power, revenge, or to display deficiency

42
Q

Jung’s definition of libido

A

general psychic energy

43
Q

Jung’s beliefs about behavior

A

determined not only by past events but also by future goals and aspirations

44
Q

Jung’s analytical psychotherapy view on personality

A

consequence of both conscious and unconscious factors

45
Q

Jung conscious factors

A

oriented toward the external world, is governed by the ego, and represents the individual’s thoughts, ideas, feelings, sensory perceptions, and memories

46
Q

Jung unconscious factors

A

made up of the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious

47
Q

personal unconscious

A

contains experiences that were unconsciously perceived or were once conscious but are now repressed or forgotten

48
Q

collective unconscious

A

repository of latent memory traces that have been passed down from one generation to the next

49
Q

archetypes

A

“primordial images” that cause people to experience and understand certain phenomena in a universal way

50
Q

personality development Archetypes

A 
the self
persona
shadow
anima
animus
51
Q

the self

A

represents a striving for a unity of the

different parts of the personality

52
Q

persona

A

public mask

53
Q

shadow

A

the “dark side” of the personality

54
Q

anima

A

feminine aspects of the personality

55
Q

animus

A

masculine aspects of the personality

56
Q

Jung personality attitudes

A

extraversion and introversion

57
Q

Jung four basic psychological functions

A

thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting

58
Q

individuation

A

integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche that leads to the development of a unique identity
development of wisdom, which occurs in the later years when a person’s interests turn toward spiritual and philosophical issues

59
Q

Jung View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

symptoms are “unconscious messages to the individual that something is awry with him … [and that present] him with a task that demands to be fulfilled”

60
Q

Jung’s analytical psychotherapy Goal

A

rebridge the gap between the conscious and the personal and collective unconscious

61
Q

Jung’s analytical psychotherapy Techniques

A

interpretations that are designed to help the client become aware of his or her inner world
dreamwork

62
Q

Jung opinion on dreams

A

represent an unconscious message to the individual that is revealed in a symbolic form

63
Q

Jung definition of transference

A

a projection of the personal and collective unconscious

64
Q

Object Relations Theory

A
  • consider object-seeking (relationships with others) to be a basic inborn drive
  • emphasize a child’s early relationships with objects, especially the child’s internalized representations (“introjects”) of objects and object relations that become part of the self and influence interactions with other people in the future
65
Q

object-relations theorists

A

Melanie Klein, Ronald Fairbairn, Margaret Mahler, and Otto Kernberg

66
Q

Mahler Personality Theory

A

focuses on the processes by which an infant assumes his or her own physical and psychological identity
normal infantile autism, normal symbiotic phase, separation-individuation phase

67
Q

normal infantile autism

A

first month of life

infant is self-absorbed and essentially oblivious to the external environment

68
Q

normal symbiotic phase

A

the child becomes aware of the mother but is unable to differentiate between “me” and “not-me”

69
Q

separation-individuation phase

A

begins at four to five months of age and is composed of four overlapping subphases: differentiation, practicing, reapproachement, and object constancy

70
Q

object-relations View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

the result of abnormalities in early object relations
Kernberg - inadequate resolution of splitting mental representations of the self and others into “good” and “bad”
Mahler - problems that occurred during separation-individuation

71
Q

object-relations Therapy Goals

A

opportunity to provide the client with support, acceptance, and other conditions that restore the client’s ability to relate to others in meaningful, realistic ways
bring “maladaptive unconscious relationship dynamics into consciousness”

72
Q

object-relations Therapy Techniques

A

primary focus is on splitting, projective identification, and other defense mechanisms that serve to maintain pathological object relations

EPPP (3 decks)

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