Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Light Microscopes
A
- 1000x
- coloured images
2
Q
Electron microscopes
A
- 200 000x
- Black and white images (can be artificially colourised)
3
Q
Cell surface membrane
A
- plasma membrane
- surrounds cytoplasm
- made up of lipids and proteins
- partially permeable
4
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- where most cell activities occur
- carries many organelles ie. mitochondria, centrioles, ribosomes
5
Q
Nucleus
A
- controls cell activites ie. cell growth
- essential for cell division
6
Q
Nucleoplasm
A
- small round mass of denser protoplasm
- in nucleus
7
Q
Nuclear envelope
A
- membrane surrounding nucleoplasm
8
Q
Cell wall
A
- surrounds plants’ cell surface membrane
- made up of cellulose
- protects frm injury
- fixed shape
- fully permeable
9
Q
Nucleolus
A
- protein synthesis
10
Q
Chromatin
A
- long thread-like structures
- histone proteins and DNA (hereditary info)
- cell division: threads condense, become highly coiled chromosomes
11
Q
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
A
- network of fluid-filled flattened spaces
- lined with membrane
- ribosomes attached to outer surface
- outer surface continuous with nuclear envelope
12
Q
Ribosomes
A
- round small structures
- make proteins
- attached to ER: usually transported out of cell
- lying freely in cytoplasm: used within cytoplasm of cell
13
Q
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
A
- no ribosomes attached
- more tubular than RER
- connected to RER
- synthesises fats and steroids (hormones)
- converts harmful substances to harmless (detoxification)
14
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- stack of flattened spaces
- surrounded by membrane
- chemically modifies substances frm ER
- stores and packages substances in vesicles for secretion out of cell
15
Q
Vesicles (How they are transported)
A
- small vesicles containing substances pinched off from ER
- vesicles fuse with and release contents into Golgi Apparatus, may be modified
- secretory vesicles containing modified substances pinched off, move to cell surface membrane
- Fuses with cell surface membrane, contents released out of cell
