Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

What is Sociology

Answer 1

the systematic study of human society

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

group of people that share specific geographic area

Question 3

micro interaction

Answer 3

small, personal

Question 4

macro interaction

Answer 4

larger groups, individual interacting with large group

Question 5

culture

Answer 5

groups shared practices, values, beliefs

Question 6

Sociological Imagination

Answer 6

C. Wright Mills

connection between individuals and larger social forces

Question 7

Social facts

Answer 7

laws, morals, beliefs, fashions, rituals: govern social life

Question 8

Comte

Answer 8

founder of sociology

positivism

Question 9

Martineau

Answer 9

first woman sociologist

Question 10

Marx

Answer 10

Communist Manifesto

marxism, capitalism

Question 11

Spencer

Answer 11

government allowing market force to control capitalism

Question 12

Durkheim

Answer 12

study of “social facts”

suicide

Question 13

Mead

Answer 13

how mind and self were developed as result of social processes

Question 14

Weber

Answer 14

verstehen: understand in a deep way
antipositivism: researchers strive for subjectivity

Question 15

quantitative sociology

Answer 15

statistical methods for surveys (like with large numbers of participants)

Question 16

qualitative sociology

Answer 16

understand human behavior by interviews, focus groups, content sources (magazine, newspaper, etc)

Question 17

Burghardt

Answer 17

first African American to graduate Harvard

pioneer several methodologies

Question 18

social solidarity

Answer 18

social ties within a group

Question 19

paradigm

Answer 19

philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

Question 20

structural functionalsim

Answer 20

The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole

Question 21

conflict theory

Answer 21

The way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power: competition for resources

Question 22

Symbolic Interactionism Theory

Answer 22

One-to-one interactions and communications

Question 23

Functionalism

Answer 23

sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society.

Question 24

social institutions,

Answer 24

patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy.

Question 25

dysfunctions

Answer 25

Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Question 26

Manifest functions

Answer 26

consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated, while latent functions are the unsought consequences of a social process.

Question 27

latent functions

Answer 27

unsought consequences of a social process.

Question 28

empirical evidence

Answer 28

evidence that comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation.

Question 29

meta-analysis

Answer 29

technique in which the results of virtually all previous studies on a specific subject are evaluated together.

Question 30

hypothesis

Answer 30

testable educated guess

Question 31

Scientific method (list steps)

Answer 31

Ask, Research, Hypothesis, Design Study, Conclusions, report results

Question 32

independent variables

Answer 32

the cause of the change.

Question 33

dependent variables

Answer 33

the effect, or thing that is changed.

Question 34

survey

Answer 34

collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire.

Question 35

population

Answer 35

people who are the focus of a study,

Question 36

sample:

Answer 36

a manageable number of subjects who represent a larger population.

Question 37

Field research

Answer 37

to gathering primary data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey.

Question 38

Ethnography

Answer 38

the extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting.

Question 39

case study

Answer 39

in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.

Question 40

secondary data analysis

Answer 40

the already completed work of other researchers.

Question 41

value neutrality

Answer 41

a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment, during the course of a study and in publishing results