Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacy

A

the art and science of preparing and dispensing medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacology

A

the study of how drugs work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

7 steps for vet tech monitoring medication

A
  1. accurately transcribe intention to administer drug
  2. prescription must be read and accurately interpreted
  3. accurately calculate mass of drug
  4. identify appropriate dosage form
  5. administer the correct amount to the patient
  6. calculate the total amount of drug forms needed for the entire duration of the dose
  7. communicate the drug order to the owner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Legend Drugs

A

caution: federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

drug order

A

requested by a vet to dispense or administer within a hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prescription

A

drug order sent from a licensed vet to a pharmacy where it is filled by a licensed pharmacist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

information on a perscription

A 
name of vet hospital or veterinarian
address and phone number of vet
date written
owner's name and address
species of animal
RX symbol
drug name, concentration, number of units
refills-if so how many
Sig-directions for treatment

Extra label meds must have patient ID-name, ear tag #, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

controlled substances

A

narcotics, strong sedatives, analgesics, hallucinogenics-all have the potential for abuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DEA

A

drug enforcement agency
aka -schedule drugs
identified with a C
vet can’t legally prescribe without being registered with the DEA
rated class 1 to V-C1 has the highest potential for abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

controlled substances log

A

mandated for inspection for a minimum of 2 years

some states require a hard copy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dosage regimen

A

information needed to determine the mass of the drug to be given to the animal,
the route by which the drug is to be given,
how often it is to be given,
how long it is to be administered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dosage interval

A

the time between doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dosage

A

the description of the mass of drug needed per unit of weight
Ex: 10mg/Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dose

A

specific number of dosage forms or mass of the drug that has been calculated for administration at one time to a specific patient
ex: 50 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dosage form

A

physical form of the drug to be administered

ex: 1 tablet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dosage range

A

allows the vet to tailor the dose-find an acceptable dosage within the dosage range that allows the meds to be dispensed as whole tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

abbreviations

A

standardized communication, all capitalized, may not use periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bid

A

twice a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cc

A

cubic centimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

disp

A

dispense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

g (gm)

A

gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gr

A

grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

h (hr)

A

hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

IP

A

intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

IV

A

intravenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

L

A

liter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lb

A

pound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mg

A

milligram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mL

A

millimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

OD

A

right eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

OS

A

left eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

OU

A

both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

oz

A

ounce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

PO

A

by mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

PRN

A

as needed

37
Q

q

A

every

38
Q

q4h

A

every 4 hours

39
Q

q8h

A

every 8 hours

40
Q

qd

A

every day

41
Q

qh

A

every hour

42
Q

qid

A

four times a day

43
Q

qod

A

every other day

44
Q

sid

A

once a day

45
Q

SQ/SC

A

subcutaneous

46
Q

stat

A

immediately

47
Q

TBL or Tbsp

A

tablespoon

48
Q

tid

A

three times daily

49
Q

tsp

A

teaspoon

50
Q

common medication errors

A
  1. avoid zeros after decimal point
  2. put zero in front of decimal
  3. use mL instead of cc
  4. avoid tsp or t
  5. write out grains (confuse with gram)
  6. use mcg instead of µ
  7. clear when write AU or AD or AS
  8. never use o.d. for once daily (OD right eye)
  9. use q.d. for once daily not s.i.d
  10. use q 12 instead of b.i.d. for clients
  11. take care to differentiate q.d. from q.i.d
  12. write out the word “units”
51
Q

apothecary system examples

A

fluid ounces, grains

52
Q

kilo

A

multiply 1000

53
Q

hecto

A

multiply 100

54
Q

deka

A

multiply 10

55
Q

deci

A

multiply 1/10

56
Q

centi

A

multiply 1/100

57
Q

milli

A

multiply 1/1000

58
Q

micro

A

multiply 1/1,000,000

59
Q

nano

A

multiply 1/1,000,000,000

60
Q

household item examples

A

teaspoon, cup, pint, gallon

61
Q

calculate drug mass needed

A

weight of animal

dosage (in mass of drug per unit of weight/mass in animal)

62
Q

1 liter

A

1000 mL or 10 dL

63
Q

1 mL

A

1 CC or 1000 mcL

64
Q

1 tablespoon

A

3 teaspoons or 15 mL

65
Q

1 teaspoon

A

5 mL

66
Q

1 gallon

A

3.786 L or 4 quarts or 8 pints

67
Q

1 pint

A

2 cups or 16 fl oz or 473 mL

68
Q

pounds and kilogram conversion

A

2.2 lb/kg or 1 kg/2.2 lbs

69
Q

variation mg/m2 (squared)

A

per square meter of body surface area of smaller animals
takes into account patient’s bodyweight and length (height)
same as mg/kg except m2 instead of kg

70
Q

adjusting the dose

A

multiply the entire dose by the percentage of decrease then subtract
ex: 100 mg decreased by 25 percent=25 mg to decrease to 75 mg

71
Q

calculating the amount of dosage form needed

A

dose x concentration=volume of fluid
ex: 100 mg x 1mL/25mg=volume of fluid mL

dose x tablet strength=number of tablets
ex: 2-- mg x 1 tablet/50 mg=number of tablets
72
Q

percentage solution

A

commonly used in liquid dosage forms as the number of grams of drugs per 100 mL of liquid
aka weight by volume percentage solution

ex: 10% solution x 1000mg/1 g=?mg/mL

73
Q

volume by volume

A

the number of mL of drug per 100 mL of total liquid medium

74
Q

weight by weight

A

the number of grams of drug per 100 grams of drug and medium

75
Q

total number of dosage units

A

known value x conversion factor=answer

ex: 4 tablets/dose x 3 doses/day x 10 days/dosage regimen=? tablets/dosage regimen

76
Q

dosage regimen shortcut

A 
weight x weight conversion x dosage x tablet strength=answer
ex: 44 lb x 1kg/2.2lb x 2 mg/kg x 1 tablet/50 mg= 0.8 tablets
77
Q

common mistakes: dosage regimen

A

round to the nearest whole tablet for individual dose

78
Q

volume of liquid dosage forms

A

same as tablet except instead of rounding to nearest tablet, round to nearest small volume unit for liquid dosage (accurately delivered by syringe)
ex 1.376 mL round to 1.4 mL

79
Q

cost of the dispensed medication

A

known value x conversion factor-answer

ex: 30 tablets x 0.25/1 tablet=? total

80
Q

compounding drugs

A

any manipulation of a drug product to produce a different dosage form that what is approved by the FDA

ex: anesthetic cocktails
1. valid VCPR
2. animal health threatened without use of drug
3. no FDA approved vet drug exists
4. compound drug is made from FDA approved vet or human drugs
5. only licensed vet will determine if drug needs compounding
6. must be safe and effective
8. if animal used for food, withdrawal time between drug use and when animal sent to market
9. labeled with name, address, date, expiration, medically active ingredient, treated animal, directions for use, caution
10. comply with local and state laws

81
Q

poison prevention packaging act of 1970

A

enabled FDA require special packaging for drugs that may be dangerous to children
not illegal to use non-childproof containers but theoretically vet could be held liable for negligence

82
Q

storage of drugs in vet facility

A

can’t remain on shelf after expiration

should be stored at proper temp

83
Q

environmental concerns for proper storage

A

cold: not exceed 8°C/46°F
cool: 8° to 15°C/46 to 59°
room temp: 15° to 30° C/ 59° to 86° F
warm: 30° to 40° C/ 86° to 104° F
excessive heat: greater than 40° C/104° F

84
Q

cytotoxic drugs

A

“cell poison” drugs
poisonous to mammalian cells
include antineoplastic agents to treat cancer and antimycotic agents used to treat fungal infections
hazardous and should be stored separately from other drugs

85
Q

teratogenic or mutagenic

A

improper handling of cytotoxic and hazardous drugs can result in birth defects

86
Q

carcinogenic effects

A

cancer or neoplasia from cytotoxic or hazardous drugs

87
Q

materials safety data sheet

A

for every cytotoxic agent or hazardous compound

88
Q

reduce the risk of accidental exposure to cytotoxic drugs

A
  1. drug absorption from skin or spilled syringe
  2. inhalation aerosolized drug
  3. ingestion contaminated food
  4. Ingestion crushed tablets
  5. opening glass ampules
89
Q

follow these guidelines to reduce exposure

A
  1. mix just before administration
  2. prepare in low traffic/well ventilated area
  3. wear PPE
  4. use syringes and IV lines
  5. recheck calculated drug dose
  6. confirm catheter is in vein
  7. place syringes, IV lines, catheters in sealed plastic bags
  8. place bagged items in leak proof, puncture proof hazardous waste
  9. clean and decontaminate treatment area

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions