103a: Preliminary Building Procedures Flashcards
What are the 5 main on-site procedures?
1) refer to local authorities:
-bylaws
-building codes
-permits
2) refer to grade slips from developer
3) inspections and occupancy permits
4) generate Real Property Reports and Site Plan Reports
5)test soil and set excavation depth
What does a real property report show?
Overhead view of all property components (property line/building footprint/landscaping)
What does a site plan include that a RPR doesn’t?
SP takes RPR and includes UTILIZED data for building (scale/dimension/grade/elevation)
What are the 4 basic steps for building layout?
1) establish location
2) check for square
3) excavate
4) re-establish location from first step
Mnemonic for leveling a builders level
Thumbs in, thumbs out
**adjust BOTH lateral adjustments at once. Adjust third pitch adjustment on its own
3 tasks to use builder level/laser level on preliminary site
1) establish excavation cut depth
2) locate structure
3) footing elevation
How deep, in metres, is an excavation considered a “trench”
1.5m
Name of the excavation walls angle
Angle of repose
At what depth do you need shoring installed?
> =3m
Can angle of repose be 45 deg without shoring?
Yes
What are 3 methods to check for square?
1) Pythagoras : a2 + b2 = c2
2) 3-4-5 triangle
3) equal diagonals
Old school method of relocating into excavation
Batter boards and string lines
2 New school methods of relocating structures
1) flagged nails, transit, and tape measure
2) laser level
What’s a back sight?
The reference elevation; possibly a benchmark
What’s foresight?
The object/location to compare to backsight
8 parts of a manually adjusted level
Eyepiece
Focusing knob
Lens
Bullseye level
Split bubble adjustment
Leveling screws
Lateral adjustment (fine adjust laterally)
Transportation lock
5 steps to set footing height from a benchmark
1) refer to benchmark height
2) initially read BM from level
3) read back sight
4) calculate difference
5) adjust footing height referencing result and builder requirements
5 leveling errors
1) not adjusting split bubble on a tilting level
2) calculation mistakes
3) instrument out of adjustment
4) altered benchmark
5) target rod out of plumb
What 7 factors influence the depth of an excavation?
1) frost depth
2) height of first floor above finished grade
3) basement window size requirements
4) footing depth
5) land contour
6) sewer line depth
7) surrounding buildings
List out old and new school levels
Water level
Hand levels
Rotary laser
Automatic level
Manual (builders) level
Describe the 4 main steps to using a transit for layout
1) set up transit over reference stake
2) aimed at reference on same building line
3) transfer building line down into excavation
4) repeat for minimum one line AT RIGHT ANGLE to original
Can you use intersecting string lines and a long level to drop a reference point into an excavation?
Yes. As long as the level is PLUMB
Can you use backfill for UNDERNEATH a building foundation?
No.
What is the term when soil is disturbed and increases in volume?
Bulking
