10.4-11.2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

Is the process by which rocks are broken into smaller fragments or particles

A

Weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

●Physical weathering
●Chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the disintegration of rocks and minerals by physical or mechanical means

A

physical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is the chemical alteration of decomposition of rocks and minerals

A

Chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It occurs entirely on Earth’s surface

A

Physical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It occurs on Earth’s surface as a result of ________, ______, or ________

A

●exposure to temperature
●weather
●wedging action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are cracks or brittle fractures in rocks

A

joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lt causes rocks to break

A

contraction and expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It may cause expansion and eventually causes rocks to break

A

sudden exposure to high temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These are a usual occurrence brought about by the growth of roots of big trees

A

Cracked pavement or sidewalks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the common types of chemical weathering

A

●Hydrolosis
●Oxidation
●Complete dissolution or carbonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is when rocks react with the hydrogen in water

A

Hydrolosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hydrolosis is most common in _______ and ________ rocks

A

●Igneous
●Metamorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is caused by the abundance of free oxygen at the surface, which may react with minerals

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are examples of rocks that result from oxidation

A

●Hematite
●Limonite
●Geothite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It occurs when minerals in rocks are dissolved by water

A

complete dissolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is a weak acid that forms when carbon dioxide mixes with water

A

carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It is formed by the weathering of rocks by various factors

A

soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the various factors of weathering to form soil

A

●rain
●sunlight
●heat
●freezing
●thawing of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many years does it take to form an inch of topsoil

A

500 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

soil is made up of?

A

●minerals
●organic materials
●air
●water
●living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is produced when a layer parallel to the soil surface shares similar characteristics

A

soil horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the similar characteristics needed to produce soil horizon

A

●physical characteristics
●chemical characteristics
●biological characteristics

24
Q

it remains as an environmental concern

25
It resulted in severe loss of topsoil
improper land use
26
it is a barrier made of trees
windbreak
27
soil erosion may be prevented by using:
●filling and cropping practices ●use of windbreaks ●application cropping techniques
28
most living creatures interact with the atmosphere for their ________, _______, and ___________
●metabolism ●reproduction ●migration
29
it transports energy and water over the face of Earth
atmosphere
30
the atmosphere shields us from?
●harmful ultraviolet radiation ●bombardment of meteors ●meteorites
31
it prevents extreme temperature
atmosphere
32
the atmosphere has made the earth _______ warmer than the moon's
33°C
33
is the product of several influences, including the ______ (2 ans.)
earth's atmosphere nebular cloud
34
volcanoes spewed large amounts of?
●water vapor ●carbon dioxide ●hydrogen ●nitrogen ●methane
35
they comprise the bigger portion of the earth's present atmosphere
nitrogen and oxygen
36
it comes from the breakdown of radioactive potassium
argon
37
these gases shate common properties such as
●low density ●compressibility ●low solubility in water at high temperature ●diffusivity
38
it is the force per unit area exerted on you
air pressure
39
atmospheric pressure is important for two reasons
●it counterbalances the pressure inside an organism ●air pressure also controls the temperature
40
it is when vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
liquid boil
41
it can tell us the kind of weather to expect
air pressure
42
changes in atmospheric pressure causes
●winds ●storms ●typhoons
43
it measures air pressure
barometer
44
atmospheric pressure is expressed in
millibars (mb)
45
one atmospheric pressure is equivalent to
760 mm Hg or 30 inches of mercury
46
an avarage peron inhales how mucn L
20 000 L
47
the atmosphere is divided into four distinct layers
●troposphere ●stratosphere ●mesosphere ●thermosphere
48
which layer do we live in?
troposphere
49
troposphere extends about how much km
14-18 km
50
in this layer air is denser
troposphere
51
what occurs in the troposphere
clouds and storms
52
fast-moving river of air called
jet stream
53
the jet stream was discovered by
world war II pilots
54
it serves as the boundary between the troposphere and the next layer
tropopause
55
how many km above earth is the stratosphere?
50 km