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Common Core > 104 Expeditionary First Aid > Flashcards

104 Expeditionary First Aid Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of First Aid

A
  • Save lives
  • Prevent further Injury
  • Minimize and Prevent infection
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2
Q

Causes and treatments for ASPHYXIATION

A

Caused by:

  • Airway Obstruction
  • Drowning, gunshot, explosion, chemical inhalation

Treat:

  • Clear Airway
  • CPR
  • Heimlich Maneuver
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3
Q

Causes and treatments for HEMORRHAGE

A

Causes:

  • Amputations
  • gun shot
  • knife wounds (creating loss of blood)

Treat:

  • direct pressure
  • tourniquet
  • plug wound
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4
Q

Causes and treatments for CARDIAC ARREST

A

Caused:

  • Heart attack
  • blood loss
  • Asphyxiation or Shock

Treatments:
-Severe injury left untreated

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5
Q

Causes and treatments for FRACTURES

A

Caused:

  • Jumps
  • Vehicle accidents
  • blasts and bullets
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6
Q

3 Causes and for BURNS

A

Chemical
Fire
Electrical

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7
Q

Possible causes and treatment for SHOCK injury

A

Hypovolemic (blood/body fluids)

Neurologic (failure of nervous system)

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8
Q

Possible causes and treatment for CARDIOGENIC injury

A

Heart failing to pump blood accurately

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9
Q

Possible causes and treatment for SEPTIC injury

A

Presence of Severe Infection

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10
Q

Possible causes and treatment for ANAPHYLACTIC injury

A

Life threatening allergic reaction

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11
Q

Causes and Treatment for SHOCK

A

failure of heart and blood vessels to maintain blood flow

Treatment:

  • place on back, legs elevated 6 to 12 in
  • control bleeding
  • Direct pressure/Pressure point
  • Tourniquet
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12
Q

Describe the Types of FRACTURES

A

OPEN (Compound) - breaks the skin

CLOSED (Simple) - does not break skin

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13
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of FRACTURES

A

Signs:

  • discoloration
  • bruising
  • swelling
  • external wound

Symptoms:

  • numbness or tingling
  • mild or severe pain in area
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14
Q

Treatment of fractures for an ARM

A

Forearm: stop bleeding/treat wound

  • pneumatic splint or two (top and bottom)
  • secure against body

Upper Arm:

  • stop bleeding/treat wound
  • use splints
  • don’t try to straighten if Elbow Fracture
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15
Q

Treatment for fractures on LEG

A

Upper: stop bleeding immobilize

  • armpit to foot, crotch to foot
  • treat for shock and transport

Lower: stop bleeding immobilize

  • 3 splints (one bottom)
  • pneumatic (extra padded)

Knee Cap:

  • Straighten from buttocks to knee pad
  • 4” wide minimum
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16
Q

Treatment for fractures on JAW

A

Pull jab forward with bandage

  • treat for shock
  • have knife/scissors to cut in case of vomit
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17
Q

Treatment for fractures on NOSE

A

head tipped slightly backwards

  • sit quietly
  • breath through mouth
  • cold compress
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18
Q

Treatment for fractures on SKULL

A

Keep victim lying down

  • Raise head and shoulder if face is flushed
  • lay flat if pale, even with body, watch for vomiting
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19
Q

Treatment for fractures on SPINE

A

Limit to no movement

  • use spine-board
  • do not lower head
  • transport ASAP
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20
Q

Treatment for fractures on RIB

A

splint if needed, arm to chest to limit motion

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21
Q

Treatment for fractures on SHOULDER

A

-Bend victims arm on injured side, place forearm across chest. thumb up

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of Bleeding

A

Capillary - Slow/Oozing blood

Venous - Dark Red/Maroon in Steady Stream

Arterial - Life Threatening

Hemorrhage - veins & arteries

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23
Q

How do you treat Bleeding

Study These Flashcards
A

Direct pressure

Pressure Dressing

Indirect Pressure

Tourniquet

24
Q

What are the Symptoms of Shock

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cold sweaty Skin
  • Pale
  • Weak but Rapid Pulse
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Confusion
  • Thirst
  • Irregular breathing
  • Dizziness
  • Dialeded pupils
  • nausea
25
Treatment for Shock
Position - on back with their legs elevated 6 to 12 inches Control Bleeding
26
Symptoms and treatment of the types of burns
Rules of Nines Thermal Burn - external Heat Electrical Burn - electrical current (internal) in/out wound Chemical Burn - acids, alkali (burn deep), chemicals
27
What are the 3 degrees of burns
First - 1st layer of skin - red skin - pain mild Second - 2nd layer - red, blistered - moderate to severe pain Third - all layers burned - white, lifeless, charged black - no pain - nerves destroyed - around is painful
28
What are the 2 types of Chest Wounds
Open Closed -considered serious, difficulty breathing and severe bleeding
29
What to do if person has Open Chest wound
Seal the wound Leave one corner open to prevent build-up pressure Lay casualty on affected side
30
What to do if person has Closed Chest wound
Get medical help immediately Usually ribs are broken
31
Treatment of Chest Wounds
1. ABC's 2. Locate edges 3. Stabilize 4. Prop casualty in semi-sitting position or lay on injured side 5. Treat for shock 6. Request immediate medical assistance
32
What do most injuries to the abdomen require
Surgery
33
Treatment of Abdominal Injuries
1. ABC's 2. place in comfortable position 3. remove clothing to assess injury 4. treat for shock 5. give nothing by mouth 6. Request immediate medical assistance
34
Causes and symptoms for the following: HEAD INJURY
- driving accidents, wrecks - falls - blunt trauma - knifes/bullets Open or Closed, possible brain damage (confusion & seizures)
35
Causes and symptoms for the following: EYE INJURY
-Foreign bodies such as particles, dirt, sand, paper, paint chips or metal Causes inflammation and infection -dislodging by tears
36
What should you do to prevent further injury of the Eye
- Cover w/paper cup and cover other eye, to prevent involuntary use of other eye - thick dressing or dressing in hole, cover around eye - rolled bandage and wrap-it
37
How to treat a Facial Injury
make sure tongue nor soft tissue block the airway, position to where blood may drain if needed keep victim laying down, transport in litter
38
What is a cold injury
blood vessels constricted due to exposure to cold and body heat is gradually lost - Tissue is easily damaged - Time, temp, humidity (exposure)
39
What are the two types of cold injuries
Hypothermia Frostbite
40
What causes Hypothermia
Body looses heat faster then it can produce it
41
What are the symptoms of Hypothermia
- Faint Pulse - Mentally Slow - Slurred - Tissue injury to exposure of temps 32 and below - Slow and Shallow breathing
42
Treatments for Hypothermia
- Stop the loss of Heat - Re-warm body evenly - provide heat via other body/hot water bottle
43
What causes frostbite
Tissue injury from the exposure to cold
44
What are the two types of Frostbite
Superficial - skin surface Deep - below the skin
45
How do you treat Frostbite
Warm the area using firm steady pressure
46
What are the 6 methods of transporting victims
- Stokes Stretcher (wire basket) - Blanket Drag - Firearm Carry - Stretcher Carry (improvised) - Arm Carry - Pack Strap Carry
47
What are 3 types of heat injuries
- Heat Cramps - Heat Exhaustion - Heat Stroke
48
What causes heat cramps
loss of salt from the body
49
What causes Heat Exhaustion and its symptoms
Most common, caused by excessive sweating caused by hot environments Symptoms: - moist & clammy skin - pupils Dilated - normal or subnormal temperature
50
What is Heat Stroke and its symptoms
Life threathning emergency -breakdown of the sweating mechanism Symptoms: - Dry hot skin - Pupils Constricted - Very High Body Temperature
51
What is NINE LINE MedEVAC
Line 1: Location Line 2: Callsign, Radio Freq, and suffix Line 3: Number of Patients (Urgent, Priority, Routine) Line 4: Special Equip Line 5: Number of Patients (litter/ambulance) Line 6: Security of pickup site Line 7: Markings at pickup site Line 8: Nationality of patients Line 9: NBC Contamination in Wartime/Terrain in peace
52
Steps regarding CARE UNDER FIRE
Drag casualty to cover, continue with mission/fight
53
Steps regarding TACTICAL FIELD CARE
- Scene security - Evaluate casualties - All others delayed
54
Steps regarding TACTICAL EVACUATION
Casualty and Medical evacuation
55
Special Gauze used in the field to aid in the control of bleeding
Combat Gauze - homeostatic dressing
56
Recently added to the 9-line MedEVAC report
Mechanism of injury - mine, gsw, rpg, rta Injury - found and or suspected Signs - pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate Treatment given - morphine, tourniquet
57
What are 3 methods of communications where oral comms are not reliable
Arm and Hand Signals Whistle signals Special Signals (horns, shots, siren)

Common Core (13 decks)

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