10.4 Solutions and Solubility

Question 1

What is a solution?

Answer 1

a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in solvent

Question 2

What is dissolution?

Answer 2

the process of dissolving

Question 3

What is a solute?

Answer 3

the substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

Question 4

What is solvation?

Answer 4

process that occurs when the solvent molecules surround the solute molecules

Question 5

What is an alloy?

Answer 5

solution containing two solids

Question 6

What are electrolytes?

Answer 6

free ions in a solution

Question 7

What is a strong electrolyte?

Answer 7

salts that completely dissociate in the solvent

Question 8

What are weak electrolytes?

Answer 8

salts that remain ion-paired to some extent in the solvent

Question 9

What are nonelectrolytes?

Answer 9

covalent compounds that do not dissociate in solvent

Question 10

What is the van Hoff factor?

Answer 10

i = tells us how many ions of one unit of a substance will produce in a solution

Question 11

What is solubility?

Answer 11

amount of solute that will saturate a particular solvent

Question 12

What are the three phase solubility rules?

Answer 12

1. solubility of solids in liquids increases with increasing temperature
2. solubility of gases in liquids tends to decrease with increasing temperature
3. solubility of gases in liquids tends to increase with increasing pressure

Question 13

What are the three salt solubility rules?

Answer 13

1. all group 1 and ammonium salts are soluble
2. all nitrate, perchlorate, and acetate salts are soluble
3. all silver, lead, and mercury salts are insoluble except for their nitrates, perchlorates, and acetates

Question 14

What is the solubility product constant?

Answer 14

Ksp = the extent to which a salt will dissolve in water

Question 15

What is molar solubility?

Answer 15

number of moles of that salt that will saturate a liter of water