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module 1 hair care&design > Hair Care > Flashcards

Hair Care Flashcards

1
Q

pH

A

Potential hydrogen

A numerical measurement that indicates the acidity and alkalinity of a water based substance

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2
Q

What happens if pH products are not within a certain pH range

A

They can be damaging and possibly deadly

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3
Q

What can be Acidic or alkaline?

A

Only solutions containing water or solutions that can be dissolved in water can be acidic/alkaline in value

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4
Q

What is the most common method of identifying appropriate use of products??

A

The pH value

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5
Q

Why do different substances have different pH values?

A

pH starts with the behavior of water

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6
Q

What is water made of?

A

Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom a

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7
Q

What happens when small percentage of water molecules split?

A

The result of positive hydrogen ion, H+

And negative hydroxide ion, OH

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8
Q

What is the ratio of H2O

A

1:1 ratio of positive H+ ions and negative OH- ions

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9
Q

Why is water considered neutral?

A

The positive and negative ions balance each other out

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10
Q

What other words are used to describe alkalis?

A

Alkaline
Alkalinity
Base

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11
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions when placed in water
Releases H+ ions

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12
Q

What is an alkali??

A

Decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions when placed in water because it accepts H+ ions, resulting in fewer “loose” H+ ions and proportionately more OH- ions.

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13
Q

What happens when acids and alkalis are bright together?

A

They neutralize each other

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14
Q

What does acid taste like?

A

Sour and react strong with metals

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15
Q

What does alkalis taste like?

A

Bitter and feel slippery

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16
Q

If a solution is more positive hydrogen ions than negative

A

The solution is acidic

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17
Q

When a solution has equal number of positive and negative ions

A

It is neutral

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18
Q

If a solution has more negative hydroxide ions

A

The solution is alkaline

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19
Q

Too much hydrochloric acid leads to indigestion what can solve this?

A

Acid can be neutralized with alkali like indigestion tablet

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20
Q

When and who invented the pH scale??

A

1909 by Danish biochemist named soren sorensen

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21
Q

What are the ranges of a pH scale?

A

Ranges from 0 to 14

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22
Q

What is the midpoint in a pH scale indicate?

A

7 is the midpoint and it indicates neutral substance

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23
Q

What is pH range of distilled water?

A

Distilled water has a neutral pH of 7

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24
Q

What pH values indicates acidity??

A

pH values below 7 indicate more acidity

Higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions

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25
Q

What does pH values above 7 indicate?

A

pH values above 7 indicate more alkalinity

Higher concentration of OH- ions than H+ ions

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26
Q

The closer you get to 0

A

The stronger the acidity

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27
Q

The closer you get to 14

A

The stronger the alkalinity

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28
Q

What is important to know about a pH scale?

A

It is logarithmic scale.

Each change in value along scale is a change of 10 times

pH of 2 is 10x more Acidic than a pH of 3
100x more than 4
And 1000x more than 5

pH of 9 is 10x more alkaline than 8
100x more than 7
And 1000x more than 6

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29
Q

What are the three main ways to measure pH?

A

pH meter
Indicator liquid
Indicator paper

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30
Q

What is the most accurate of the three methods to measure pH?

A

pH meter is the most accurate of the three methods

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31
Q

What color does blue litmus paper turn to indicate acid pH?

A

Red in acid

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32
Q

What color does red litmus paper turn in alkali?

A

Blue

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33
Q

What else can a pH meter measure ??

A

The pH reading can measure the pH of the acid mantle that coats the skin and hair

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34
Q

ph balance

A

Product with pH from 4.5- to 5.5

Average pH range of hair skin and nails

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35
Q

What should you do when using alkaline products

A

Important to restore the pH balance once service is complete

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36
Q

What must a product have to be read in a pH rating?

A

A product Must contain water or have the ability to dissolve in water

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37
Q

pH- balanced shampoo

A

4.5-5.5

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38
Q

Alkaline shampoo

A

7.0- 9.0

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39
Q

Acidifying conditioner

A

2.2- 5.5

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40
Q

Deep penetrating conditioner

A

3.5- 5.5

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41
Q

Acid perm

A

6.9- 7.2

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42
Q

Alkaline perm

A

8.0 - 9.5

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43
Q

Sodium hydroxide relaxer

A

11.5 - 14.0

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44
Q

Ammonium thioglycolate relaxer

A

8.5-9.5

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45
Q

Neutralizer

A

2.5-7.0

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46
Q

Oil bleach

A

8.0- 9.5

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47
Q

Powder bleach

A

10- 11

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48
Q

Tints

A

9.5- 10.5

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49
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

2.5-4.5

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50
Q

Mousse

A

5.5-6.0

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51
Q

Gel

A

4.5- 5.5

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52
Q

Hair spray

A

5-6

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53
Q

Cleanser

A

4.5- 5.5

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54
Q

Toner

A

5.5-6

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55
Q

Moisturizer

A

5.5-6

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56
Q

Polish Remover

A

5.0-6

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57
Q

Cuticle cream

A

5.5-6

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58
Q

Hand lotion

A

4.5- 5.5

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59
Q

Draping

A

Performed prior to hair care services to protect clients skin and clothing

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60
Q

Shampoo capes

A

Used to protect clients clothes must be laundered in a solution capable of disinfecting the cape

Must be waterproof

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61
Q

Why must you use a neck strip?

A

The neck of the cape cannot come in direct contact with clients skin

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62
Q

Towel

A

Serves as protective barrier between the clients neck and plastic or waterproof cape

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63
Q

Plastic/waterproof cape

A

Protects client and clothing from becoming wet or damaged

Used for shampooing wet hair sculpting designing and chemical services

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64
Q

Neck strip

A

Replaces towel following shampoo service
Allows hair to fall naturally less bulky
Prevents loose hairs from embedding onto clients clothing

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65
Q

Cloth cape

A

Used for designing and sculpting services
Lighter weight
Allows dry hair to slide to floor easily

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66
Q

What is the purpose of shampooing

A

The purpose of shampooing is to cleanse the scalp and hair by removing dirt oils and product buildup

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67
Q

What is the purpose of conditioning

A

The purpose of conditioning is to fortify the damaged areas of the hair and protect it against further damage from chemical services or heat

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68
Q

How often should hair be shampooed?

A

Hair should be shampooed as often as necessary with a shampoo specifically designed for type and condition of hair

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69
Q

What happens if hair is not cleansed properly

A

Oil and dirt can accumulate and lead to scalp disorders

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70
Q

What do conditioners do?

A

Conditioners provide a temporary remedy for existing hair problems

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71
Q

What shampoo is recommended for dry brittle hair?

A

A high pH level can make hair dry and brittle so for already brittle hair A pH balance shampoo is recommended

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72
Q

When should water spills be cleaned?

A

Always wipe up water spills to prevent accidents and wet floors

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73
Q

What water is preferred for shampooing

A

Soft water is generally preferred for shampooing

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74
Q

What is soft water

A

Soft water rainwater or water that has been chemically treated

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75
Q

What does hard water contain

A

Hard water contain minerals and does not allow the shampoo to lather freely

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76
Q

Can hard water be softened

A

Yes hard water can be softened by a chemical process

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77
Q

How do you test water temperature

A

Always monitor water temperature before applying water to clients scalp hold the hose and position a finger in the water stream

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78
Q

What kind of water pressure should be used

A

Water pressure should be moderate and comfortable

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79
Q

What is the primary cause of water spill accidents

A

Excess water pressure

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80
Q

Benefits of brushing

A

Brushing increases blood circulation to the scalp while removing dust dirt and peoduct build up

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81
Q

Where should you start brushing first

A

Brush hair from ends first then work toward the scalp

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82
Q

What are brushes are recommended?

A

Brushes made from natural bristle are recommended the overlaying bristle clean hair better

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83
Q

When is brushing not recommended

A

Brushing hair prior to a chemical service and if cuts or abrasions are evident is not recommended

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84
Q

What is massage

A

Massage is a scientific method of manipulating the body by rubbing pinching tapping and kneading or stroking with the hands fingers or an instrument

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85
Q

What is a scalp massage?

A

Scalp massage involves movements performed on the scalp to relax the muscles and increase blood circulation

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86
Q

What are the primary scalp movements

A

Effleurage petrissage and tapotement

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87
Q

What is the most important movement

A

Petrissage

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88
Q

What does petrissage do??

A

Stimulates the sebaceous glands which produce a natural oil sebum that is often lacking in dry hair and scalp

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89
Q

5 basic massage movements

A 
Eflleurage 
Petrissage
Tapotement 
Friction 
Vibration
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90
Q

Effleurage

A

Light, gliding strokes, or circular motions made with the palms of the hands or pads of fingers

Often used to begin/end a treatment

Used on face, neck and arms

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91
Q

Petrissage

A

Light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles

Deep stimulation of muscles nerves and skin glands promotes the circulation of bloss and lymph

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92
Q

Tapotement

A

Light tapping or slapping movement applies with the (partly flexed) fingers

Stimulates nerves promotes muscle contraction increases blood circulation

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93
Q

Friction

A

Circular movement with no gliding used on the scalp or with a facial when less pressure is desired

Stimulates nerves increases blood circulation

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94
Q

Vibration

A

Shaking movement

Highly stimulating

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95
Q

Aromatherapy

A

Combination of our sense of smell and the use of plant extracts and their healing abilities

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96
Q

What are therapeutic effects or aromatherapy?

A

Invigorating the scalp encouraging renewed hair growth relieving flaking associated with dryness or dandruff increase blood circulation and calming and soothing the mind and body

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97
Q

What should you mix essential oils with

A

Essential oils should be blended with a base oil such as sweet Almond oil or Gravesend oil

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98
Q

Can premixed scalp therapy oils be directly applied to scalp

A

Yes

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99
Q

Can essentially oils be used with shampoo?

A

Essential oils can be mixed with shampoo and be used for scalp treatments or incorporated into shampoo service

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100
Q

Rosemary + chamomile

A

Normal hair and scalp

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101
Q

Patchouli + cedarwood + clary sage

A

Oily hair and scalp

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102
Q

Ylang-ylang + sandalwood + lavender

A

Dry hair and scalp

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103
Q

Lemon + rosemary + cedarwood + thyme

A

Oily dandruff

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104
Q

Sandalwood + bay + lavender + clary sage + rosemary

A

Alopecia hair loss

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105
Q

What accommodations should be used for children or senior clients during a shampoo service

A

Booster chair for children
Elderly or disabled clients might need to lean forward into the shampoo bowl
Wheelchair might have to stay in wheelchair

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106
Q

Beauty salon stroke syndrome

A

Serious damage to blood vessels in the back of the neck from hyperextended

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107
Q

How to avoid beauty salon stroke syndrome

A

Adding neck rest pad or folded towels on neck rest area

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108
Q

What is the purpose of a client’s record

A

To better meet the needs of the client

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109
Q

What does a client record include

A 
Name 
Address 
Contact numbers 
Date of last skin patch
Hair and scalp conditions 
Relevant medications
Date of last service 
Products used, formula timing and heat
Technique and application method
Price of the service 
Retail products purchased  
Comments by stylist and client
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110
Q

What are four considerations for client records

A

Make sure information is secure
Ensure information is accurate
Make sure if using handwriting notes they’re legible
Keep information relevant

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111
Q

What are contraindications to look for

A

Infectious skin and scalp disorders
Cuts abrasions and injuries
Allergies

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112
Q

What do you do if client shows contraindications

A

Refere them to a physician

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113
Q

When to avoid scalp massage

A

Avoid massage for clients who have had head beck or jaw surgeries

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114
Q

What areas to avoid while performing a massage

A

Behind the earlobe which can be sensitive

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115
Q

What do you do with a pregnant client during a massage

A

Use very gentle pressure

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116
Q

What to be aware of during consultation

A

Verbal and nonverbal communication

Clients expectations and whether they can be achieved

Previous services and results

Type of service and products requested and cost

Hair type and Condition

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117
Q

What are the four service essentials (4cs)

A

Connect
Consult
Create
Complete

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118
Q

Connect

A

Meet and greet client with a firm handshake and a pleasant tone of voice

Communicate to build rapport and develop a relationship with client

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119
Q

Consult

A

Ask questions: how frequently do you shampoo your hair? What products do you use to shampoo or condition your hair?
Visualize the possibilities
Analyze your clients hair and scalp
Asses the facts and throughly think about your recommendations
Introduce shampoo and conditioner used and describe benefits
Organize and summarize plan
Gain feedback and approval

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120
Q

Create

A

Protect client by draping them
Make sure client is comfortable
Show and tell client what you’re doing
Focus on delivering service to best of your ability
Be economical with products
Teach your client how to care for their hair at home

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121
Q

Complete

A

Ask questions and look for verbal and nonverbal cues to determine satisfaction
Escort client to the retail area show products you used
Recommend products to maintain the appearance and condition of clients hair
Suggest a future appointment time
Offer sincere appreciation
Discard single use items disinfect tools
Complete client record for future visits

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122
Q

All-purpose shampoo

A

Cleanses the hair without correcting any special condition

Contain low alkaline content and low concentration of surface active agents

Does not strip color

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123
Q

pH- Balanced shampoo

A

Cleanses all hair types recommended to cleanse lightened color-treated or dry brittle hair

Formulated to hace same pH as hair and skin 4.5 to 5.5

Acid balanced
Especially for chemically treated hair without removing permanent hair coloring or toners
Used on bleached or dry or damaged hair

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124
Q

Plain shampoo

A

Removes oil contains a high alkaline base not recommended for chemically treated or damaged hair

Used successfully on Virginia hair in good condition
Not recommended for chemically treated or damaged hair
Follow with an acid rinse to restore acid balance

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125
Q

Soapless shampoo

A

Cleanses hair with either soft or hard water
Sulfate free
Lathers without alkaline ingredients

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126
Q

Medicated shampoo

A

Treats scalp and hair problems and disorders prescribed by the clients doctor

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127
Q

Clarifying shampoo

A

Removes residue such as product buildup chlorine minerals
Have a higher alkalinity
Used before chemical services

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128
Q

Anti-dandruff shampoo

A

Controls dandruff and scalp conditions requires massaging the scalp vigorously and rinse thoroughly

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129
Q

Strengthening protein additive shampoo

A

Cleases and conditions deposits protein fragments along the hair shaft

Designed to help strengthen the hair through the addition of artificial or hydrolyzed protein derivatives that strengthen damaged areas of the hair by depositing protein fragments along the hair shaft

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130
Q

Aerosol dry shampoo

A

Absorbs oil at the roots used by clients wanting to expand the time between shamans add texture

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131
Q

Non-aerosol powder dry shampoo

A

Cleanses the hair of clients whose health prohibits them from receiving a wet shampoo service absorbs oil and distributes oil as the product is brushed through the scalp and hair

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132
Q

Liquid dry shampoo

A

Cleanses the scalp and hair for clients who are unable to receive a normal shampoo very drying to the hair effective in cleaning wigs and hairpiece

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133
Q

Conditioning shampoo

A

Improves the tensile strength and porosity of the hair

Contain small amounts of vegetable and mineral additives that coat the cuticle layer of the hair resulting in surface benefits such as shine and manageability

Protein like biotin

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134
Q

Neutralizing

A

Restores the hair 4.5 to 5.5 pH by neutralizing any remaining alkaline values used generally in conjunction with a chemical relaxing service

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135
Q

Color shampoo

A

Enhances color treated hair and tones non color treated hair temporarily

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136
Q

Thinning shampoo

A

Cleanses the hair without weighing it down provides a healthy environment for the maximum amount of hair growth

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137
Q

Vinegar; lemon acid rinse

A

Keep the cuticle compact remove soap scum return the hair to its pH balance and counteract the alkalinity present after a chemical service

pH 2-3

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138
Q

Cream rinse

A

Softens add shine to and smooth the hair while making it tangle free for ease in combing

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139
Q

Anti dandruff rinse

A

Controls dandruff and scalp conditions

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140
Q

Acid balanced rinse

A

Closes the cuticle after a color service to prevent the color from fading

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141
Q

Acid rinse

A

Removes soap scum

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142
Q

Color rinse

A

Adds temporary color to the hair which lasts from shampoo to shampoo

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143
Q

Instant conditioners

A

Coats the hair shaft and restores moisture and oils to the hair

Don’t Penatrate into cortex or replace keratin in shaft

Vegetable oil base

Acidic pH Not recommended for fine or limp hair
Left on hair for 1 to 2 min then rinsed off

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144
Q

Normalizing conditioner

A

Closes the cuticle after alkaline chemical services
Contain vegetable protein and have Acidic pH

Applied for approximately 2 min

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145
Q

Body-building conditioner

A

Displaces excess moisture providing more body to the hair made from protein
Required when hair fine and limp and contains too much moisture

Penatrates damaged Hair shaft and deposits proteins into the Cortex

Used before chemical service
Left on for 10 min

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146
Q

Moisturizing conditioner

A

Add moisture to dry brittle hair that has been mechanically or chemically damaged

Humectants penetrate into shaft to bind and hold moisture in hair

Shouldn’t be used for several days after perm

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147
Q

Customized conditioner

A

Moisturizes and builds body

Formulated to meet special needs

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148
Q

Essential oil scalp treatment

A

Provides invigorating stimulating or soothing scents allows fluid movement on the scalp

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149
Q

Scalp toner

A

Adds a refreshing stimulating feeling to the scalp may have mild antiseptic properties and cleansing abil

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150
Q

Moisturizing agent

A

Replenishes or restores moistureto dry scalp formulated as creams oils or lotion

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151
Q

Towel

A

Protects clients skin and clothing

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152
Q

Plastic client cape

A

Protects the clients and clothing

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153
Q

Cloth client cape

A

Protects client and clothing during dry sculpting

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154
Q

Neck strip

A

Protects client skin

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155
Q

Natural bristle hair brush

A

Increases blood circulation to the scalp removes dirt debris and product buildup from the hair prior to the shampoo service

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156
Q

All purpose comb

A

Detangles and distributes the hair after the shampoo service

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157
Q

Plastic cap

A

Covers hair to allow deeper penetration of conditioning treatment

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158
Q

When to avoid scalp massage

A

Scalp abrasions scalp disorders prior to chemical service history of high blood pressure or heart conditions q

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159
Q

Detangle hair

A

From ends to roots

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160
Q

What type of pressure risk needed for a shampoo service

A

Moderate to strong

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161
Q

How do detangle hair prior to shampoo

A

From ends to roots

162
Q

When performing massage movements

A

Do not break contact use slow rhythmic motions

163
Q

What is important about water spills

A

Wipe water spill areas immediately

164
Q

What do do after a service

A

Update the client record

165
Q

Dermatitis occurs due to

A 
Contact with products that irritate skin
Allergy
Constant shampooing 
Not rinsing and drying the skin after each service
Not moisturizing regularly
166
Q

Symptoms if dermatitis

A

Dryness itching redness soreness

167
Q

What are the 6 classifications assigned to cosmetics?

A 
Solutions 
Suspensions
Emulsions
Ointments
Soaps
Powders
168
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids not able to be mixed

169
Q

Miscible

A

Liquids able to be mixed together without separating

170
Q

Solutions

A

Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules evenly dispersed solutions do not separate when left standing generally clear mixtures

171
Q

Solute

A

Any substance that dissolves into a liquid and forms a solution stirring is usually required when dissolving a solute can be either solid liquid or gas

Example dry cocoa powder

172
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that is able to dissolve another Substance

173
Q

What is the universal solvent

A

Water

174
Q

What are the 3 classes of solutions

A

Dilute solution
Concentrated solution
Saturated solution

175
Q

Dilute solution

A

Contains q small quantity of the solute in comparison to the quantity of solvent

176
Q

Concentrated solution

A

Contains a large quantity of the solute in comparison to the quality of solvent

177
Q

Saturated solution

A

Can’t take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature

178
Q

Suspension

A

Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules have a tendency to separate when left standing and therefore need to be shaken before using

Lotions are suspensions

179
Q

Emulsions

A

Formed when 2 or more immiscible substances (oil+water) are united with the help of a binder or gum like substance (emulsifier) gum like substance might be a soap

Example perm solution

180
Q

Ointments

A

Mixtures of organic substances and a medical agent usually found in semi solid form

Water is not present

Ex lipstick pastes mucilages

181
Q

Soaps

A

Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified

Deodorants soaps beauty soaps medicated soaps and liquid soaps

182
Q

Powders

A

Equal mixtures of inorganic and organic substances that do not dissolve in water and that have been sifted and mixed until free and coarse gritty particles

183
Q

What can happen due to improper cleansing

A

Improper or irregular cleansing allows a breeding place for disease causing bacteria

Can lead to scalp disorders and even hair loss

184
Q

How often should hair be shampooed

A

As often as necessary

Oily hair needs shampooed more often

185
Q

Why are strong alkaline shampoos not recommended

A

They make the hair dry and brittle

186
Q

Acid mantle

A

A mixture of secretions from the sebaceous glands and perspiration from sweat glands

Help maintain the hair and scalp at its pH 4.5 to 5.5

Allow a shiny alive appearance

187
Q

What part of the hair fiber is dead

A

Hair fiber beyond the scalp is dead

Biologically inactive

188
Q

Why shampoo important

A

Failure to remove scalp secretions on a regular basis allows build up

Secretions can be spread

189
Q

Surfactant

A

Surface active agents used to remove oil from hair
Cleansing agent

Made of Lipophilic and hydrophilic

190
Q

Lipophilic

A

Surface tail which loves grease and hates water

191
Q

Hydrophilic

A

The surfactant head which loves water and hates grease

192
Q

What is the role of water

A

Water plays an important part in the success of your shampoo

193
Q

Hard water

A

Well water contains certain salts of calcium magnesium and other metals that prevent the shampoo from lathering can be softened by chemical process

194
Q

Soft water

A

Contains a very small amounts of minerals and is preferred for shampooing as it lathers more freely

195
Q

How can you tell concentration of ingredients

A

They are listed in order

196
Q

How do you destroy microbial life on water

A

Boil at a temperature of 212 Fahrenheit 100 celcius

197
Q

Two methods used in purification of water

A

Sedimentation and filtration

198
Q

Sedimentation

A

During sedimentation undesirable substances such as clay sand etc sink to the bottom

199
Q

Filtration

A

The undesirable substances pass through a porous substance

200
Q

How is the purification process completed

A

Chlorine kill bacteria

201
Q

When is hair strongest

A

Hair is strongest at pH of 4.5 to 5.5 because it is compact and least swollen

202
Q

What happens when the natural Acidic conditions are maintained

A

The cuticle scales are kept in a more compact state therefore the minimal amount of swelling of the cuticle fiber occurs

203
Q

What happens if the shampoo is too alkaline or acidic

A

The hair fiber can swell swelling weakens the hair making it more susceptible to other forms of distress such as dryness and cuticle damage

204
Q

What type of hair is more pleasing in appearance and easier to manage

A

Strong compact hair

205
Q

Swollen cuticle has what kind of pH

A

pH of 3 or less

206
Q

Minimum swelling has what kind of pH

A

4-6

207
Q

Maximum swelling has a pH of

A

8 or higher

208
Q

Cosmetic appearance

A

The luster or shine of the hair

If the layers of the outer cuticle stand away from the hair shaft the hair will appear rough and dull

209
Q

Porosity

A

Refers to the ability of the hair to absorb moisture liquid or chemicals

210
Q

Manageability

A

Is determined by how easily a comb can pass through wet or dry hair

211
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of the hair to stretch and return to its natural shape without breaking

212
Q

How long can healthy hair can be stretched when wet

A

50%

213
Q

How long can healthy dry hair be stretched

A

20%

214
Q

What does tensile strength measure

A

The amount of tension that can be applied before hair breaks

215
Q

What all do rinses affect

A

Rinses affect mostly the surface of the hair

216
Q

How long does rinses stay in hair

A

Rinses are applied to Hair and rinsed off immediately

217
Q

What are the negative effects of rinses

A

Rinses can actually be detrimental to the hair because they contain ingredients that build up on the hairs surface

Buildup can make the hair feel limp attract dirt and make it di to control

218
Q

Why are rinses applied to the hair

A

Rinses are applied to the hair to help close the cuticle and make hair feel sift and manageable

219
Q

What animal protein is found in conditioners

A

Bovine serum refined and sterilized cattle tissue such as blood and bone marrow
Refined placental of female cattle and sheep
And collagen

220
Q

What vegetables proteins are found in conditioners

A 
Soybeans 
Balsam trees
Olives 
Wheat
Germ
Tong beans
221
Q

Additional ingredients found in conditioners

A

Amines/ quats
Dimethicones
Fatty alcohol and acids

222
Q

Amines/quats

A

Make hair easier to comb and control static

223
Q

Dimethicones

A

Give softness to the feel of hair without weighing it down they are a form of silicone

224
Q

Fatty alcohols and acids

A

Give hair a smooth feel when dry and make it easier to comb

Creamy in texture and help retain moisture

225
Q

How are conditioners and rinses different

A

Conditioners usually penetrate deep into the hair so they ate formulated differently from rinses

226
Q

Food and drug administration

A

Agency that regulates cosmetics in us

227
Q

United States pharmacopeia

A

Book that lists and standardizes drugs

228
Q

International cosmetic ingredient dictionary and handbook

A

Published by personal care products council

229
Q

Preservative

A

Natural or synthetic ingredient that is added to personal care products to prevent spoilage whether from microbial growth or undesirable chemical changes

230
Q

Antioxidants

A

Protects against damage and degradation caused by exposure to oxygen

231
Q

Antimocrobial

A

Protects product from growth of micro organism

232
Q

Preservatives help

A

Prevent contamination degradation cause by exposure to oxygen growth of micro organism

233
Q

Cetyl alcohol

A

Keeps oil and water from spreading also a foam booster

234
Q

Dimethicone silicone

A

Skin conditioner and anti foam ingredient

235
Q

Primitive hair germ

A

Cluster of cells

236
Q

Root sheath

A

Follicle or tube like pocket out of which hair will grow

237
Q

What determines how hair grows

A

Shape of hair shaft determines how it grows

238
Q

The diameter of a hair fiber will be the same

A

Diameter of hair fiber will be the same as the diameter of the inside of the follicle

239
Q

What determines natural flow

A

The angle of the hair follicle determines the natural flow or wave pattern of hair

240
Q

What shape bulb determines straight hair

A

Round, positioned perpendicular to the surface of the scalp with a slight tilt

241
Q

What shape bulb determines wavy to curly hair

A

Oval, positioned more curved to the surface of the scalp

242
Q

What shape bulb determines tightly curled hair

A

Elliptical, almost parallel to the surface of the scalp

243
Q

What are two primary parts of the hair

A

Hair root and hair fiber

244
Q

Hair root

A

The portion of hair that is inside the hair follicle inde skin surface

245
Q

Hair fiber

A

Sometimes referred to as the hair shaft or strand portion of hair that extends above the skins surface

246
Q

Papilla

A

Filled with capillaries that supply nourishment to the cells around it
Provide nourishment to Germinal matrix

247
Q

Germinal matrix

A

The area of the bulb where cell division takes place

248
Q

Three major layers of the hair

A

Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla

249
Q

Cuticle

A

The outer covering of the hair shaft madeup of overlapping layers of transparent scales

Protective part of the hair shaft and is made up of a harder protein than the Cortex

250
Q

Cortex

A

The second layer consisting of unique protein structures

Gives hair most of its pigment and strength

251
Q

Medulla

A

The central core of the hair shaft also called the pith or marrow (often absent in fine or very fine hair)

252
Q

Bulges

A

Attached to root sheath beginning of sebaceous glands

253
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oily glands produce sebum and sent it through the hair follicles to the surface of the skin to prevent the hair and skin from becoming too dry

254
Q

Acid mantle

A

Sebum mixed with body perspiration

Protects the cuticle or outer covering of the hair fiber and maintains the natural pH of hair and skin

255
Q

Arrestor pili muscle

A

Comes from cells in the dermal layer that attach to the follicle just below sebaceous gland

Causes hair to stand on end when person is cold or scared

Aids in the secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands

256
Q

What causes hair to not grow back

A

If the papilla is destroyed

257
Q

Keratinization

A

Process whereby cells change their shape dry out and form keratin protein

258
Q

What happens after keratinization

A

once keratinized the cells that form the hair fiber or strand are no longer alive

259
Q

Why is the acid mantle important

A

It is important because it protects the cuticle of the hair fiber and maintains natural pH of hair and skin

260
Q

What happens as cells begin their journey upward through the hair follicle

A

They separated into specific types
Some cells will become cuticle scales others will make up the cortex and others will have the particular formation of medulla cells

261
Q

Anagen

A

Active growing stage

Hair bulb are attached to root sheath

90% of hair is in this stage last 2 to 6 years

Long waist-length hair is the result of long anagen stages

Hair color is darker during the anagen stage

262
Q

Catagen

A

Brief transitional stage
Cell division stops
Stage last only a few weeks

263
Q

Telogen

A 
Resting stage 
Hair bulb had no attached root sheath
Hair falls out 
On average  10-15% 
Last 3- 4 months
End of cycle
264
Q

Average hair growth

A

1/2 in per month

265
Q

Cilia

A

Eyelashes

266
Q

Supercilia

A

Eyebrows

267
Q

Capilli

A

Hair of the head

268
Q

How often is eyebrows and eyelashes replaced

A

Every 4 to 5 months

269
Q

Heredity

A

Genes that people inherit from their parents will determine many things about the makeup of the hair such as its color shape and diameter

270
Q

What is hair made out of

A

Hair is made our of mostly protein the linking together of amino acids

271
Q

What does the cortex look like

A

A helix or coil

272
Q

What are protofibrils

A

Amino acid chains coiled around each other

273
Q

How do microfibrils form

A

Protofibrils twist around each other to form microfibrils

274
Q

How do macrofibri form

A

Microfibrils spiraling into each other

275
Q

How do mosaic pattern occur

A

Because each hair follicle has its own unique growing cycle

276
Q

What affects hair growth

A

Illness and lack of necessary minerals and vitamins, altercations to physiological state of the body, disease and medications, chemical services that may be weak already

277
Q

Where in the body does hair not grow

A

Hair never grows on palms soles of feet lips or eyelids

278
Q

What are three factors that affect the behavior of hair

A

Heredity
Environment/weather
Products and appliances

279
Q

How does Heredity affect hair

A

Genes inherited that determine makeup of hair such as color shape and diameter

280
Q

How does Environment/weather affect hair

A

Rain= hair absorbs moisture
Extra moisture alter bonds that give hair its shape resulting in frizz or limp hair

Wind dry out hair

Sun damages

281
Q

How does products or appliances affect hair

A

Affect structural organization of hair

282
Q

Is all hair the same?

A

Diameter and pigment differ in races

283
Q

What is one of the result of genetic coding

A

The diameter of the hair shaft

284
Q

What is the cuticles purpose

A

The cuticle is the protective part of the hair shaft and is made up of a harder protein than the cortex

Hard resistant layer of protein

Harder or firmer not easily stretched

285
Q

Fine hair

A

Behaves like “all cuticle”
40% of fine hair can be cuticle
Smaller diameter

286
Q

Coarse hair

A

10-12% cuticle

Larger diameter

287
Q

Cortex

A

Elastic quality

288
Q

What is the reason hair would have more elasticity and ability to be molded and reshaped

A

Hair is 90% cortex and 10% cuticle making the hair behave more like the cortex

289
Q

Why would hair be more resistant to perms relaxers or holding a set

A

If it has a higher percentage of cuticle in the hair fiber the hair will behave more like a cuticle

290
Q

Trichology

A

Study of hair and scalp

291
Q

Melanin

A

Gives skin and hair their color

Protects skin from sun’s damaging rays

292
Q

How is melanin produced

A

By melanocytes, cells that exist among the dividing cells within the hair bulb

293
Q

Melanosomes

A

Bundles of a pigment protein complex

294
Q

Where are melanocytes located

A

They rest near the hair bulbs nourishment center (dermal papilla)

295
Q

What determines amount and type of melanin and pigment melanin

A

Genes

296
Q

What are the two types of melanin that create the variety of hair colors

A

Eumelanin
Pheomelanin

The amount Size and distribution of one or both influence resulting color

297
Q

Eumelanin

A

Brown/ black hair color

Melanin may be found in the cuticle layer

298
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Red/yellow hair

If concentrated near cuticle layer hair will appear red

Melanin found in cortex only

299
Q

Albinism

A

Lack of pigmentation in hair and skin

Person with this is Albino

300
Q

How is gray hair caused

A

Gray hair is caused by reduced color pigment melanin in the cortex layer

Referred to as mottled hair white spots scattered about hair shaft

Grows from papilla

Doesn’t turn gray if it’s above skin

Natural aging process also illness or emotional conditions

Defect in pigment formation causes gray prematurely at birth

301
Q

What type of hair lacks melanin and is at greater risk for sun damage

A

White hair can turn yellow from too much exposure

302
Q

How is hair type determined

A

Touch and visual examination

303
Q

Texture

A

Degree of coarseness/ fineness in hair fiber

304
Q

Coarse hair

A

Feels like wool

Rough

305
Q

Medium hair

A

Feels like cotton

Wiry

306
Q

Fine hair

A

Feels like silk

Soft

307
Q

Density

A

Number of active hair follicles per square inch on the scalp

Thick head = more active hair follicles

Ligh medium or heavy (thin medium thick)

Influences the amount of hair that should be parter and wrapped around perm tool

308
Q

Heavy density

A

Smaller subsections to allow absorption of products

309
Q

Light density

A

Large subsections

310
Q

What happens when you place too much hair on perm tool

A

Weakens curl pattern

311
Q

What are the two factors to determine condition if hair

A

Porosity

Elasticity

312
Q

Porosity

A

Ability of hair to absorb moisture liquids or chemicals

Influenced by raised cuticles

Healthy hair has natural resistance due to closed cuticle

Raised cuticles are more porous

313
Q

Average porosity

A

Slightly raised cuticle

Normal ability to abso moisture

Good condition

314
Q

Resistant porosity

A

Flat cuticle closeness of cuticle

Least about of moisture absorb

Poor porosity

315
Q

Extreme porosity

A

Raised cuticle

Damaged hair from overprocessing

Very porous
Not good condition
Treatment requirre

316
Q

Uneven porosity

A

Mixed types

Hair has a combination of two or more different porosities

317
Q

How to test elasticity

A

Pull and release if hair almost completely returns to pattern is in good condition if it returns only 50% it is structurally weak and needs conditioning

318
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability of hair to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking

Resiliency
Pliability
Buoyancy
Springiness

Normal hair = lively spring back and shiny

319
Q

How much can normal dry hair be stretched

A

1/5 20% of its length

320
Q

How much can normal wet hair be stretched

A

40 to 50%

321
Q

How many layers of cuticle scales does each hairstrand have

A

7 to 12

322
Q

W1hat does the cuticle protect

A

The inside of the strand cortex

323
Q

What lubricates outermost layer of the cuticle and reduces friction

A

The acid mantle

324
Q

Broken hair

A

Cuticle is cracked and frayed

Caused by excessive stretching and traction

Excessive chemical processes sun exposure and chlorine

Brushing while wet

Cutting hair may be the solution

325
Q

Split ends

A

Small Cracks in the cuticle that deepen into the cortex

No cuticle left in the region become frayed and unsightly

Can be temporarily sealed with protein reconditioning

326
Q

Abraded cuticle

A

Broken hair

327
Q

Abraded hair

A

Broken hair

328
Q

Brittle hair

A

Split ends

329
Q

Fragilitis crinium

A

Split ends

330
Q

Trichoptilosis

A

Split ends

331
Q

Nodules

A

Characterized by the presence of lumps or swelling along the hair shaft

332
Q

Trichorrhexis nodosa

A

Nodules

May be caused by an inherited defect in hairs keratin protein structure

333
Q

Knotted hair

A

Nodules

334
Q

Trichonodosis

A

Physical knotting of hair

335
Q

Canities

A

Grayness of the scalp

Natural aging

336
Q

Congenital canities

A

Occurs at or before birth in albinos

337
Q

Acquired canities

A

Loss of pigment in hair as person ages

May happen in early adult life
Causes
Extended illness nervous strain or heredity

Oxidative products cover gray hair

338
Q

Monilethrix

A

Beads or nodes formed on hair shaft
Periodic narrowing of hair shaft
Sparse hair growth short and brittle hair breaks easily

339
Q

Beaded hair

A

Monilethrix

340
Q

Matting

A

Mass of hairstrands tangled together in a mat that cannot be separated

Excessive chemical hair lighting
Excessive friction

341
Q

Plica polonica

A

Excessive matting

342
Q

Ringed hair

A

Alternating bands of Gray and dark hair
Hereditary
May affect any number of hair fibers

343
Q

Pili annulati

A

Ringed hair

344
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Abnormal coverage of hair on areas of the body where normally only lanugo hair appears

Werewolf syndrome

345
Q

Ambras syndrome

A

Hypertrichosis

346
Q

Lanugo

A

Baby fine hair

347
Q

Hirsuties

A

Excessive amounts of terminal hair found in women in areas of the body where men usually get hair

Can be congenital birth
Can be Acquired medical

348
Q

Superfluous hair

A

Hirsuties

349
Q

How does mechanical damage occur

A

Incorrect use of salon tools

350
Q

What happens when heat is used too close to hair

A

Hair may be brittle and cortex could possibly melt

351
Q

Scales

A

Thick crusty patches of red irritated scalp resulting from an autoimmune disease ir the skin

352
Q

Psoriasis

A

Scales

353
Q

Dandruff

A

Chronic scalp continues with excessive flaking, itchy tightness and irritation

354
Q

Pityriasis

A

Dandruff

355
Q

Dry dandruff

A

Dry flakes attached to scalp or hair appear translucent

356
Q

Pytyriasis capitis simplex

A

Dry dandruff

357
Q

Greasy or waxy dandruff

A

Oily flakes combines with sebum which stick to the scalp in clusters and are yellow in color

358
Q

Pityriasis steatoides

A

Greasy waxy dandruff

359
Q

Malassezia

A

Naturally occurring microscopic fungus

Fungus Feeds on scalps natural oil creates byproducts that cause irritation body reacts by accelerating amount and rate of flaking of dead skin cells

360
Q

What scalp conditions are contagious

A

Ringworm honeycomb ringworm itch mite head lice

361
Q

Ringworm

A

Red circular patch of small blisters

Caused by Vegetable parasites

362
Q

Tinea

A

Ringworm

363
Q

Ringworm of the scalp

A

Enlarged open hair follicles that are surrounded by clusters of red spot papules black spots may be visible

364
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Ringworm of the scalp

365
Q

Honeycomb ringworm

A

Dry yellow encrusted areas on the scalp may have a peculiar odor shiny pink or white scars may result

366
Q

Scutula

A

Dry yellow encrusted areas on the scalp

367
Q

Tinea favosa

A

Honeycomb ringworm

368
Q

Itch mite

A

Red and watery visicles or puss filled areas caused by an animal parasite burrowing under the skin

369
Q

Scabies

A

Itch mite

370
Q

Head lice

A

Infestation of head lice on the scalp causing itchy and eventual infection

371
Q

Pediculosis capitis

A

Head lice

372
Q

Vellus

A

Short fine non pigmented hair that cover most of the body not visible to the eye replaces lanugo at birth

373
Q

Terminal hair

A

Replaces vellum around puberty originates from predetermined follicles

374
Q

What is the average daily hair loss

A

40 to 100 strands a day

375
Q

How many average hairs per square inch

A

1000

376
Q

How many average individual stands of hair

A

100000

377
Q

Do all hair colors have same number of hairs

A

The number of hairs on head varies by color

378
Q

Red

A

90000

379
Q

Brown

A

110000

380
Q

Black

A

108000

381
Q

Blonde

A

1400000

382
Q

Alopecia

A

Excessive hair loss
Caused by fungal or bacterial infection or inflammation disease if scalp

When no apparent scalp abnormality may be caused by nutritional deficiency drugs emotional trauma other physiological changes

383
Q

What is the most common type of alopecia

A

Androgenetic alopecia

384
Q

Androgenetic alopecia

A

Combination of heredity hormones and age that causes progressive shrinking or miniaturization of certain scalp follicles

Causes shortening of hairs growth cycle when eventually no hair grows

385
Q

What questions help identifying resons for alopecia

A

Family history

386
Q

How is the degree of hair loss evaluated

A

By rating patern and density

387
Q

Patterns

A

Shape and location of tge area with hair loss

388
Q

Density

A

How much hair is covering the scalp in the area of hair loss

Women only get evaluated in density

389
Q

Men with androgenetic alopecia

A

Male pattern baldness
Horseshoe shaped fringe of hair
Common
Pattern evaluated when reviewing loss

390
Q

Women with androgenetic alopecia

A

Generalized thinning of the hair over crown
Scattered hair thinning
Front hairline retained as straight pattern or m shaped
Density evaluated
Rare

Diameter of pony tail becomes smaller over time

391
Q

Postpartum alopecia

A

Temporary hair loss due to pregnancy

Caused by Hair staying longer in the anagen cycle during pregnancy

392
Q

Alopecia areata

A

Autoimmune skin disease that is confined to a few areas and is often reversed in a few months
Sudden loss of hair is round or irregular patches without inflamed scalp

393
Q

Alopecia areata totalis

A

Alopecia areata totalis presents itself as total hairless on scalp

394
Q

Alopecia areata universalis

A

Presents itself as loss of hair over the entire scalp and body

395
Q

Alopecia prematura

A

Baldness that occurs in early life

396
Q

Telogen effluvium

A

Premature shedding of hair during resting phase
Which can bea a result of
Childbirth shock drug intake fever
Usually reversed once condition is correct

397
Q

Traction/ traumatic alopecia

A

Hair loss due to repetitive traction on hair

Mechanical damage sometimes chemical damage reversed once trauma has stopped

398
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Trich
TTM
Condition which people compulsively pull hair from their bodies affect 2-4%
No cure

399
Q

Hair loss treatments

A

FDA approved products that regrow hair or prevent hair loss
Producs thaf provide an ideal environment for possible hair regrowth or prevention
Surgical options hair transplants hair plugs scalp reductions
Wigs toupees hair additions hair weaving are non medical options

400
Q

Humectants are what type of ingredients

A

A himectant I’d a moisturizing ingredient

401
Q

What is used for hair that has been damaged by strong alkaline shampoos chemical or heat styling

A

Conditioner

module 1 hair care&design (2 decks)

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