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PARAMEDIC Terminology and Anatomy > TAUC In-House Medication Summary > Flashcards

TAUC In-House Medication Summary Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

(Tylenol) is a pain reliever and fever reducer.

  • Adult dosing: 500-1000mg. Acetaminophen is stocked in 500mg tablets.
  • Pediatric dosing: Tylenol suspension concentration is supplied as 160 mg/5mL.
  • Caution: Acetaminophen is filtered through the liver; it can cause liver damage
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2
Q

Adenosine-(Adenocard)

A

Is an antiarrhythmic drug administered to convert supraventricular tachycardia (SVT-A dangerously fast heart rate)

  • Dose:
  • Rapid IV push in an AC IV with an immediate flush of saline
  • First dose: 6mg RAPID IV push with immediate flush.
  • Second dose: If patient does not convert with first dose, may increase dose to 12 mg RAPID IV push with immediate flush.
  • Caution:
  • Patient must be on a cardiac monitor prior to administration.
  • Patient must have IV fluids infusing during administration.
  • Always have provider at bedside during administration
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3
Q

Afrin Nasal Spray

A

(Oxymetazoline HCL) is a vasoconstrictor and is primarily used at TAUC to treat nose bleeds. Afrin is also used to treat nasal congestion by shrinking the swollen mucous membranes in the nose.

  • Dose:
  • Afrin is stocked in the ENT tote, in a 30mL spray bottle, and should be administered by the provider
  • Caution:
  • Prolonged use of this medication can cause rebound swelling of the mucous membranes in the nose and increased nasal congestion.
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4
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

A

Is a bronchodilator. It is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasms in patients with cases such as RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), Asthma, COPD, and other respiratory illnesses.

  • Dose:
  • 2.5 mg/3mL in a solution and given per nebulizer inhalant.
  • Albuterol may be mixed with ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) and given per inhalation to make a DuoNeb treatment
  • May be given by itself in pediatric patients and for the second administration in all patients.
  • Caution:
  • Albuterol may cause nervousness and tremors in patients.
  • Albuterol may cause an increase in heart rate and/or uneven heart beats.
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5
Q

Aspirin

A
  • Is an NSAID used to prevent blood clots from forming. It is typically given to patients who may be experiencing a cardiac event.
  • Dose:
  • 324mg (4 chewable 81mg tablets)
  • Caution:
  • This medication may contribute to increased bleeding in patients who have intestinal bleeding, ulcers, blood clotting disorders, and anemia.
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6
Q

Atropine

A

Is administered to treat patients experiencing symptomatic bradycardia (a dangerously slow heart rate).

  • Dose: 0.5mg IV
  • Caution:
  • This medication increases the heart rate; the patient must be placed on a monitor prior to administration
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7
Q

Cefazolin (Ancef)

A

Is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
*Dose: 1gIM or IVPB
Vial Size: 1 Gram (Reconstitution Amount for IM: 2.5mL of NS | Reconstitution Amount for IV: 2.5mL of NS)
-Caution: If patient has an allergy to penicillin-family antibiotics, check with the provider prior to administering medication.

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8
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

Is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.

  • 250mg-1g IM or IVPB
  • Caution:
  • Never reconstitute with lidocaine when adding medication to IV fluid.
  • If the patient has an allergy to penicillin-family antibiotics, check with provider prior to administering medication.
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9
Q

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections. Clindamycin is a great alternative for patients who are allergic to drugs containing penicillin.

  • Dose:
  • 300-900mg IM or IVPB
  • Caution: Watch for rashes and diarrhea associated with sensitivity to this medication
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10
Q

Clonidine

A

Prevents an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure.

  • Dose: 1 (0.1mg) Tablet
  • Caution;
  • Monitor the patient for fast, slow, pounding or uneven heartbeat, light headedness, dizziness, and fainting.
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11
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Is a corticosteroid used to reduce the immune system’s adverse effects on the body

  • Dose: 4mg IM or slow IV push
  • PO mixed in liquid Tylenol or ibuprofen (Weight based dose to be determined by the provider)
  • Caution:
  • Decadron may increase blood sugar in diabetic patients. Check with the provider before administering.
  • May cause a temporary burning sensation in the neck, groin, or armpits in some patients.
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12
Q

Dextrose 50% (D50)

A

Is administered to patients to increase blood sugar levels.

  • Dose: 1mL/kg IV
  • Caution: Close monitoring of blood sugars post-administration is required.
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13
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Is a antihistamine which is most commonly administered to treat allergic reactions or anaphylaxis.

  • Dose:
  • 25-50 mg slow IV push or IM
  • Liquid 12.5 mg/5mL PO
  • Caution:
  • Diphenhydramine has sedative side effects; ensure the patient has a ride home before administration.
  • If given IV, give slowly to decrease side effects.
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14
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

A

Is administered to patients suffering from severe allergic reactions, asthma attacks, or other types of airway-constricting illnesses.

  • Dose: The strength of epinephrine given at TAUC for airway constriction is 1:1,000
  • Dose is 0.15mL-0.30mL either SQ or IM
  • Caution:
  • Epinephrine may make the patient feel jittery
  • Epinephrine may increase the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate; monitor vital signs closely.
  • Note: 1:10,000 Epi is given IV for cardiac arrest
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15
Q

Famotidine (Pepsid)

A

May be administered as a histamine blocker in sever allergic reactions or as an antacid in patients with GERD or other GI-related presentations.

  • Dose:
  • 20 mg IVPB
  • Famotidine is stored in the refrigerator.
  • Caution:
  • Famotidine may lead to a prolonged QT interval or another cardiac arrhythmia if administered too rapidly
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16
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin)

A

Is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administered to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.

  • Dose:
  • Adult dosing-TAUC stocks 600 mg PO tablets of ibuprofen which is the typical dose.
  • Pediatric dosing is weight-based (Concentration for ibuprofen suspension is 100mg/5mL)
  • Caution: Do not administer ibuprofen to infants under 6 months of age
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17
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A

Is a bronchodilator which is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD, emphysema, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses.

  • Dose:
  • 2.5 mg/2.5mL solution placed in a nebulizer and given per inhalation to the patient.
  • Ipratropium bromide may be mixed with albuterol and given per nebulizer to make a Duoneb treatment.
  • Caution: Atrovent may cause increased heart rate, light headedness, and/or jitteriness.
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18
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Is a loop diuretic which decreases edema and swelling typically associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), liver disease, kidney disease, and other medical conditions by inducing urination.

  • Dose:
  • 20-80 mg slow IV push
  • Caution:
  • Lasix may lead to increased blood sugars in diabetic patients.
  • Lasix may lead to sun sensitivity. Discourage prolonged sun exposure or tanning beds.
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19
Q

Kenalog (Triamcinolone)

A

Is a long acting corticosteroid that reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation.

  • Dose: 10mg IM
  • Caution:
  • Kenalog may cause aggression, agitation, and anxiety
  • Kenalog may increase blood sugar in diabetic patients. Check with the provider before administering.
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20
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Is classifed as an NSAID; it is administered to decrease swelling and/or treat moderate to severe pain.

  • Dose:
  • 30mg IM
  • 15mg IV
  • Caution:
  • Toradol may worsen the symptoms associated with kidney failure.
  • Do not administer IV Toradol before completing an i-STAT and discussing the results (specifically creatinine) with the provider.
  • Toradol may increase bleeding.
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21
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Is a sedative administered to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, or seizures.

  • Dose:
  • 0.25-2mg IM or IV
  • Caution
  • Lorazepam may cause drowsiness, slurred speech, and impaired coordination; ensure the patient has a ride home before administration
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22
Q

Maalox (aluminum and magnesium hydroxide)

A

Is administered to neutralize stomach acid.

  • Dose:
  • 30 mL PO
  • May be mixed with 10mL of Viscous Lidocaine to make a GI Cocktail
  • Caution:
  • May cause constipation
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23
Q

Morphine

A

Is an opioid analgesic that is administered to patients with moderate to severe pain.

  • Dose:
  • 2-4mg slow IV push (over 2.5 minutes)
  • 2-10mg IM
  • Caution:
  • Morphine may decrease the patient’s blood pressure and respiratory drive if administered too quickly IV.
  • Morphine may cause drowsiness; ensure the patient has a ride home before administration.
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24
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Is an antiemetic administered to treat severe nausea/vomiting, migraines, and symptoms associated with GERD.

  • Dose:
  • 10mg IM or IVPB
  • Caution:
  • Reglan must NOT be administered IV push, as it may cause involuntary muscle movements known as tardive dyskinesia.
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25
Q

Naloxone-(Narcan)

A

Is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effect of opioid narcotics. This drug is used for patients with a decreased respiratory drive and altered level of consciousness secondary to an overdoes of morphine, heroine, or other opioid derivatives.

  • Dose:
  • 0.4mg slow IV push
  • Caution:
  • Pushing this medication too quickly may cause opiate withdrawal symptoms such as vomiting or aggressive behavior.
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26
Q

Nitrostate (Nitroglycerin)

A

Is a vasodilator. Nitroglycerin reduces peripheral vascular resistance there by reducing the workload on the heart. It is administered to patients presenting with angina (chest pain) and is intended to relieve ischemic chest pain commonly associated with heart attacks.

  • Dose:
  • 1 sublingual tablet (0.4mg) every 5 minutes until patient is either pain free or a maximum of 3 doses have been administered.
  • Caution:
  • Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator and may decrease the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure. Nitroglycerin should not be administered until an IV has been established and the patient’s vital signs have been recorded. Retake the patient’s BP and heart rate before repeating nitroglycerin doses.
  • Wear gloves when handling.
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27
Q

*Ondansetron-(Zofran)

A

Is a commonly used antiemetic administered to treat nausea and vomiting.

  • Dose:
  • 4mg IV or IM
  • Caution:
  • Prolonged use of Zofran may lead to constipation
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28
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

Is an antihistamine given for itching or hives. It is also administered as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting.

  • Dose:
  • 12.5-25mg IM only
  • Caution:
  • Promethazine may cause irritability and drowsiness
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29
Q

*Solu-Medrol (Methylprednisolone)

A

Is a corticosteroid used to reduce the immune system’s adverse effects on the body.

  • Dose: 125mg IM or slow IV push
  • Caution: Solu-Medrol may increase blood sugar in diabetic patients. Check with the provider before administering
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30
Q

Unasyn (ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium)

A

Is administered to treat bacterial infections.
-Dose:
* 1.5-3 IVPB
**Note: NOT for IM injection
Vial Size: 1.5g - Reconstitution Amount for IV: 3.2 mL of NS
Vial Size: 3g - Reconstitution Amount for IV: 6.4 mL of NS
-Caution:
* Unasyn, and any other penicillin-family antibiotics, are contraindicated in patients diagnosed with mononucleosis.

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31
Q

Viscous Lidocaine

A

Viscous Lidocaine 2% is administered as a local anesthetic, typically to treat pain in the mouth, throat, or esophagus.

  • Dose:
  • 10mL PO
  • Viscous Lidocaine is typically administered orally either by itself or with 30mL Maalox to make a GI Cocktail.
  • Caution:
  • Viscous Lidocaine, when given orally, may cause numbing of the lips, mouth, and tongue
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32
Q

Acetaminophen with Codeine #3 (Tylenol-Codeine NO.3)

A

Codeine is an opioid pain medication. Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic analgesic. These drugs are combined to treat moderate to severe pain.

  • Supplied in tablets and suspension.
  • Caution:
  • Advise the patient not to take other acetaminophen (Tylenol) products to prevent an acetaminophen overdose.
  • May have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Alert the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking medication.
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33
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A

Is an antiviral drug which works by slowing the growth and spread of the herpes virus. Acyclovir is administered to treat the herpes viruses, including genital herpes, cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults.

  • Caution:
  • Ensure the patient stays hydrated while taking this medication.
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34
Q

AK-POLY-BAC (Bacitracin/Polymyxin B Ophthalmic)

A

Is an antibiotic used to treat eye infections.

  • Caution:
  • Do not allow the tip of the ointment tube to touch any surface, including the eyes or hands
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35
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Is a penicillin-based antibiotic that fights bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Amoxicillin is administered to treat many different types of bacterial infections.

  • Supplied in capsules and suspension.
  • Caution:
  • Take with food to avoid GI upset
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36
Q

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate (Augmentin)

A

Is a penicillin-based antibiotic which is administered to treat bacterial infections. Augmentin works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate results in an antibiotic with an increased spectrum of action and restored efficacy against amoxicillin-resistant bacteria.

  • Supplied in tablets and suspension.
  • Caution: Take with food to avoid GI upset
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37
Q

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate (Augmentin)

A

Is a penicillin-based antibiotic which is administered to treat bacterial by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Amoxicillin is administered to treat many different types of bacterial infections.

  • Supplied in capsules and suspension.
  • Caution:
  • Take with food to avoid GI upset
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38
Q

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate-(Augmentin)

A

Is a penicillin-based antibiotic which is administered to treat bacterial infections. Augmentin works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate results in an antibiotic with an increased spectrum of action and restored efficacy against amoxicillin-resistant bacteria.

  • Supplied in tablets and suspension.
  • Caution:
  • Take with food to avoid GI upset
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39
Q

Azithromycin- (Zithromax, Z pack)

A

Is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with their protein synthesis. It is administered to treat many different types of bacterial infections. Supplied in tablets and suspension.

  • Caution:
  • Take with food to avoid GI upset
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40
Q

Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)

A

Is a non-narcotic medication administered to treat a cough. Benzonatate works by numbing the throat and the lungs, making the cough reflex less active.

  • Caution:
  • Do not chew this medication; it will numb the mouth and throat.
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41
Q

Carisoprodol (Soma)

A

Is a muscle relaxer administered to treat musculoskeletal spasms.

  • Caution:
  • May cause sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Advise the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
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42
Q

Cefdinir (Omnicef)

A

Is a bactericidal antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics. Omnicef is administered to treat bacterial infections. Supplied in capsules and suspension.

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43
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

Is a cephalosporin antibiotic that acts by inhibiting synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. Keflex is administered to treat bacterial infections.

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44
Q

Ciprofloxacin HCL Ophthalmic (Ciloxan)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections of the eyes, as well as ulcers in the eyes. It functions by inhibiting enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
-Caution: Instruct patient that they should not let the tip of the dropper touch the eye during administration.

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45
Q

Ciporfloxacin HCL (Cipro)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections in the body, such as urinary tract infections, skin infections, or some vaginal infections. This broad-spectrum antibiotic is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.

  • Caution:
  • Patients should discontinue the Cipro if they experience tendon pain. In rare cases, it can contribute to the tearing or swelling of tendons.
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46
Q

Clindamycin HCL-(Cleocin HCL)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat infections in the body. This antibiotic interrupts cell reproduction by attaching itself to the bacteria’s DNA.

  • Caution:
  • Cleocin may cause nausea/vomiting and should be taken about 20 minutes after a meal.
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47
Q

Cyclobenzaprine HCL (Flexeril)

A

Is a muscle relaxer that works by blocking nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to the brain. This medication is administered to treat pain, typically associated with some type of injury.

  • Caution:
  • Flexeril can have sedative effects, such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Alert the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
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48
Q

Dicyclomine HCL (Bentyl)

A

Relieves GI and intestinal spasms and is commonly administered to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. It relieves muscle spasms and cramping in the gastrointestinal tract by blocking the activity of acetylcholine on cholinergic (or muscarinic) receptors on the surface of muscle cells. It is a smooth muscle relaxer.

  • Caution:
  • Bentyl can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and altered reaction times.
49
Q

Doxycycline Monohydrate-(Monodox)

A

Is an antibiotic prescribed to treat many different bacterial infections.

  • Caution:
  • May cause photosensitivity. Avoid extended amounts of time in the sunlight.
50
Q

Diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl)

A

Is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of the natural chemical histamine within the body. Benadryl is commonly administered to treat allergic reactions. Diphenhydramine is an antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor.

  • Caution:
  • Benadryl, for some patients, may have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Alert the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
51
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

A

Is administered to patients suffering from severe allergic reactions, asthma attacks, or other types of airway-constricting illnesses

  • Dose:
  • The strength of epinephrine given at TAUC for airway constriction is 1:1,000
  • Dose is 0.15mL-0.30mL either SQ or IM
  • Caution:
  • Epinephrine may make the patient feel jittery
  • Epinephrine may increase the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate; monitor vital signs closely
  • Note: 1:10,000 Epi is given IV for cardiac arrest
52
Q

Famotidine (Pepsid)

A

May be administered as a histamine blocker in severe allergic reactions or as an antacid in patients with GERD or other GI-related presentations.

  • Dose:
  • 20 mg IVPB (Intravenous piggyback)-short term infusion
  • Famotidine is stored in the refrigerator.
  • Caution:
  • Famotidine may lead to a prolonged QT interval or another cardiac arrhythmia if administered too rapidly.
53
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin)

A

Is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administered to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.

  • Dose:
  • Adult dosing-TAUC stocks 600mg PO tablets of ibuprofen which is the typical dose.
  • Pediatric dosing is weight-based.
  • Concentration for ibuprofen suspension is 100mg/5mL
  • Caution:
  • Do not administer ibuprofen to infants under 6 months of age.
54
Q

*Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A

Is a bronchodilator which is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD, emphysema, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses.

  • Dose:
  • 2.5mg/2.5mL solution placed in a nebulizer and given per inhalation to the patient.
  • Ipratropium bromide may be mixed with albuterol and given per nebulizer to make a Duoneb treatment (Used to help treat airway narrowing-bronchospasm, that happens with COPD
  • Caution:
  • Atrovent may cause increased heart rate, light headedness, and/or jitteriness.
55
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Is a loop diuretic which decreases edema and swelling typically associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), liver disease, kidney disease, and other medical conditions by inducing urination.

  • Dose:
  • 20-80mg slow IV push
  • Caution:
  • Lasix may lead to increased blood sugars in diabetic patients.
  • Lasix may lead to sun sensitivity. Discourage prolonged sun exposure or tanning beds.
56
Q

Kenalog (Triamcinolone)

A

Is a long acting corticosteroid that reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation.

  • Dose:
  • 10mg IM
  • Caution:
  • Kenalog may cause aggression, agitation, and anxiety
  • Kenalog may increase blood sugar in diabetic patients. Check with the provider before administering.
57
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Is classified as an NSAID; it is administered to decrease swelling and/or treat moderate to severe pain.

  • Dose:
  • 30mg IM
  • 15mg IV
  • Caution:
  • Toradol may worsen the symptoms associated with kidney failure.
  • Do not administer IV Toradol before completing an i-STAT and discussing the results (specifically creatinine) with the provider.
  • Toradol may increase bleeding
58
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Is a sedative administered to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, or seizures.

  • Dose:
  • 0.25-2mg IM or IV
  • Caution:
  • Lorazepam may cause drowsiness, slurred speech, and impaired coordination; ensure the patient has a ride home before administration.
59
Q

*Maalox- (Aluminum and magnesium hydroxide)

A

Is administered to neutralize stomach acid.

  • Dose:
  • 30 mL PO
  • May be mixed with 10mL of Viscous Lidocaine to make a GI Cocktail
  • Caution: May cause constipation
60
Q

Morphine

A

Is an opioid analgesic that is administered to patients with moderate to severe pain

  • Dose:
  • 2-4mg slow IV push (over 2.5 minutes)
  • 2-10mg IM
  • Caution:
  • Morphine may decrease the patient’s blood pressure and respiratory drive if administered too quickly IV.
  • Morphine may cause drowsiness; ensure the patient has a ride home before administration
61
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Is an antiemetic administered to treat severe nausea/vomiting, migraines, and symptoms associated with GERD.

  • Dose:
  • 10 mg IM or IVPB
  • Caution:
  • Reglan must NOT be administered IV push, as it may cause involuntary muscle movements known as tardive dyskinesia
62
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effect of opioid narcotics. This drug is used for patients with a decreased respiratory drive and altered level of consciousness secondary to an overdose of morphine, heroine, or other opioid derivatives.

  • Dose:
  • 0.4mg slow IV push
  • Caution: Pushing this medication too quickly may cause opiate withdrawal symptoms such as vomiting or aggressive behavior.
63
Q

Nitrostat (nitroglycerin)

A

Is a vasodilator. Nitroglycerin reduces peripheral vascular resistance there by reducing the workload on the heart. It is administered to patients presenting with angina (chest pain) and is intended to relieve ischemic chest pain commonly associated with heart attacks.

  • Dose:
  • 1 sublingual tablet (0.4mg) every 5 minutes until patient is either pain free or a maximum of 3 doses have been administered.
  • Caution:
  • Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator and may decrease the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure. Nitroglycerin should not be administered until an IV has been established and the patient’s vital signs have been recorded. Retake the patient’s BP and heart rate before repeating nitroglycerin doses.
  • Wear gloves when handling
64
Q

*Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Is commonly used antiemetic administered to treat nausea and vomiting.

  • Dose:
  • 4 mg IV or IM
  • Caution:
  • Prolonged use of Zofran may lead to constipation
65
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

Is an antihistamine given for itching or hives. It is also administered as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting.

  • Dose:
  • 12.5-25mg IM only
  • Caution:
  • Promethazine may cause irritability and drowsiness.
66
Q

*Solu-Medrol-(methylprednisolone)

A

Is a corticosteroid used to reduce the immune system’s adverse effects on the body.

  • Dose:
  • 125mg IM or slow IV push
  • Caution:
  • Solu-Medrol may increase blood sugar in diabetic patients. Check with the provider before administering.
67
Q

Unasyn-(Ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium)

A

Is administered to treat bacterial infections.
*Dose:
-1.5-3g IVPB
Vial Size: 1.5g –NOT for IM injection –3.2mL of NS (Reconstitution Amount for IV)
3g – NOT for IM injection–6.4mL of NS
-Caution:
*Unasyn, and any other penicillin-family antibiotics, are contraindicated in patients diagnosed with mononucleosis.

68
Q

Viscous Lidocaine

A

Viscous Lidocaine 2% is administered as a local anesthetic, typically to treat pain in the mouth, throat, or esophagus.

  • Dose:
  • 10 mL PO
  • Viscous Lidocaine is typically administered orally either by itself or with 30mL Maalox to make a GI Cocktail.
  • Caution: Viscous Lidocaine, when given orally, may cause numbing of the lips, mouth, and tongue.
69
Q

Acetaminophen with Codeine #3 (Tylenol-Codeine NO.3)

A

Codeine is an opioid pain medication. Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic analgesic. These drugs are combined to treat moderate to severe pain.

  • Supplied in tablets and suspension.
  • Caution:
  • Advise the patient not to take other acetaminophen (Tylenol) products to prevent an acetaminophen overdose.
  • May have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Alert the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking medication.
70
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A

Is an antiviral drug which works by slowing the growth and spread of the herpes virus, including genital herpes, cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults.
-Caution: Ensure the patient stays hydrated while taking this medication.

71
Q

AK-POLY-BAC (Bacitracin/Polymyxin B Ophthalmic)

A

Is an antibiotic used to treat eye infections.

-Caution: Do not allow the tip of the ointment tube to touch any surface, including the eyes or hands.

72
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Is a penicillin-based antibiotic that fights bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Amoxicillin is administered to treat many different types of bacterial infections.

  • Supplied in capsules and suspension.
  • Caution: Take with food to avoid GI upset.
73
Q

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate (Augmentin)

A

Is a penicillin-based antibiotic which is administered to treat bacterial infections. Augmentin works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate results in an antibiotic with an increased spectrum of action and restored efficacy against amoxicillin-resistant bacteria.

  • Supplied in tablets and suspension.
  • Caution: Take with food to avoid GI upset
74
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax, Z pack)

A

Is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with their protein synthesis. It is administered to treat many different types of bacterial infections. Supplied in tablets and suspension.
-Caution: Take with food to avoid GI upset.

75
Q

Benzonatate-(Tessalon Perles)

A

Is a non-narcotic medication administered to treat a cough. Benzonatate works by numbing the throat and the lungs, making the cough reflex less active.
-Caution: Do not chew this medication; it will numb the mouth and throat.

76
Q

Carisoprodol (Soma)

A

Is a muscle relaxer administered to treat musculoskeletal spasms.
-Caution: May cause sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Advise the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.

77
Q

Cefdinir (Omnicef)

A

Is a bacterial antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics. Omnicef is administered to treat bacterial infections. Supplied in capsules and suspension.

78
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

Is a cephalosporin antibiotic that acts by inhibiting synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. Keflex is administered to treat bacterial infections.

79
Q

Ciprofloxacin HCL Ophthalmic (Ciloxan)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections of the eyes, as well as ulcers in the eyes. It functions by inhibiting enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
-Caution: Instruct patient that they should not let the tip of the dropper touch the eye during administration.

80
Q

Ciprofloxacin HCL (Cipro)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections in the body, such as urinary tract infections, skin infections, or some vaginal infections. This broad-spectrum antibiotic is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
-Caution: Patients should discontinue the Cipro if they experience tendon pain. In rare cases, it can contribute to the tearing or swelling of tendons.

81
Q

Clindamycin HCL (Cleocin HCL)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat infections in the body. This antibiotic interrupts cell reproduction by attaching itself to the bacteria’s DNA.
-Caution: Cleocin may cause nausea/vomiting and should be taken about 20 minutes after a meal.

82
Q

Cyclobenzaprine HCL (Flexeril)

A

Is a muscle relaxer that works by blocking nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to the brain. This medication is administered to treat pain, typically associated with some type of injury.
-Caution: Flexeril can have sedative effects, such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Alert the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.

83
Q

Dicyclomine HCL (Bentyl)

A

Relieves GI and intestinal spasms and is commonly administered to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. It relieves muscle spasms and cramping in the gastrointestinal tract by blocking the activity of acetylcholine on cholinergic (or muscarinic) receptors on the surface of muscle cells. It is a smooth muscle relaxer.
-Caution: Bentyl can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and altered reaction times.

84
Q

Doxycycline Monohydrate (Monodox)

A

Is an antibiotic prescribed to treat many different bacterial infections.
-Caution: May cause photosensitivity. Avoid extended amounts of time in the sunlight.

85
Q

Diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl)

A

Is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of the natural chemical histamine within the body. Benadryl is commonly administered to treat allergic reactions. Diphenhydramine is an antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor.

  • Caution:
  • Benadryl, for some patients, may have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Alert the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
86
Q

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

A

Is an antifungal medication prescribed to treat fungal infections, which can invade any part of the body. These fungal infections are most commonly associated with the mouth, esophagus, and genitals. Fluconazole is often given to treat vaginal yeast infections in women who are taking antibiotics.
-Caution: Fluconazole may cause stomach cramps and nausea

87
Q

Fluticasone Propionate (Flonase)

A

Is a corticosteroid nasal spray that reduces inflammation. Fluticasone propionate is prescribed to treat nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, and itchy or watery eyes.

88
Q

Guaifenesin-Codeine (Cheratussin AC)

A

Is a controlled cough suppressant. Guaifenesin is an expectorant used to thin the mucous and make it easier to cough up. Codeine is an opioid medication used to suppress the cough.

  • Caution:
  • Guaifenesin with Codeine can have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Advise the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
89
Q

Guaifenesin DM (Tussinex DM)

A

Is an OTC cough suppressant. Guaifenesin is an expectorant used to thin the mucous and make it easier to cough up. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant.
-Caution: Guaifenesin DM can have sedative effects.

90
Q

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Lorcet, Norco)

A

Hydrocodone is an opioid pain medication. Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic analgesic. These are combined to treat moderate to severe pain.

  • Caution:
  • Advise the patient to avoid other acetaminophen (Tylenol) products while taking this medication.
  • This medication can have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Advise the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
91
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)

A

Is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribed to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.

  • Caution;
  • Can cause stomach ulcers and increased bleeding.
92
Q

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

A

Is administered to treat bacterial infections. Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting enzymes necessary to separate DNA prior to bacterial cell division.

  • Caution:
  • Take this medication 20 minutes after a meal to avoid GI upset.
93
Q

Lisinopril (Zestril)

A

Is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Lisinopril is commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) or congestive heart failure in some patients.

94
Q

Loperamide HCL (Imodium)

A

Is prescribed to treat diarrhea. This opioid-receptor agonist works similarly to morphine by decreasing the activity of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscles of the intestinal wall. This action increases the amount of time substances remain within the intestine, allowing for increased water absorption from fecal matter.

  • Caution:
  • May cause stomach pain, bloating, and constipation. The patient should increase their water intake while taking this medication to decrease these symptoms.
95
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

A

Is an antihistamine administered to treat allergy symptoms. Loratadine acts as a selective inverse agonist of the peripheral histamine H1 receptors.
-Caution:
May cause an increased heart rate, dizziness, and/or fatigue.

96
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Is a benzodiazepine prescribed to decrease anxiety, seizures, and tremors. Lorazepam may also be administered for sedation purposes.

  • Caution:
  • Lorazepam can have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Advise the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking Lorazepam.
97
Q

Meclizine HCL (Bonine)

A

Reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Meclizine is administered or prescribed to treat or prevent nausea, vomiting, and dizziness commonly associated with motion sickness or vertigo.

  • Caution:
  • Meclizine may impair the patient’s though process and cause drowsiness.
  • Avoid alcohol while taking this medication
98
Q

Methocarbamol (Robaxin-750)

A

Is a muscle relaxer that works by blocking the nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to the brain. This medication is prescribed to treat skeletal muscle conditions, such as pain or injury.

  • Caution:
  • Methocarbamol may impair the patient’s thought process or reaction time.
  • Patients should not drink alcohol while taking methocarbamol.
99
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections.

  • Caution:
  • Consuming alcohol while taking this medication will cause vomiting.
  • This medication should be taken 20 minutes after a meal.
100
Q

Miconazole Nitrate (Antifungal cream)

A

Is a topical, antifungal medication that treats infections of the skin, such as athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm, tinea versicolor (a fungus which discolors the skin), and yeast infections.
-Caution: Watch for a local rash, burning, or increased itching to administration site.

101
Q

Naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve)

A

Is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is prescribed to decrease inflammation and treat pain.
-Caution: Do not take other NSAID’s such as ibuprofen or aspirin while taking this medication.

102
Q

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

A

Is an antibiotic commonly administered to treat urinary tract infections. This medication inhibits bacterial carbohydrate metabolism, as well as disrupts cell wall formation.

  • Caution:
  • Take this medication with food to prevent GI upset.
103
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Is a proton pump inhibitor which decreases the amount of acid produced within the stomach. Omeprazole is commonly prescribed to treat the symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other GI-related conditions.

104
Q

Ondansetron ODT (Zofran)

A

Is an antiemetic prescribed to treat nausea and vomiting.

105
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

Is an antiviral used to treat the symptoms of influenza and shorten recovery time. Oseltamivir is also used prophylactically to prevent infection in those exposed to influenza.

  • Caution:
  • Take this medication 20 minutes after a meal to avoid GI upset
106
Q

Penicillin V Potassium

A

Is an antibiotic commonly administered to treat dental infections, strep throat, and ear infections. Bacteria attempting to grow and divide, while in the presence of penicillin, fail to do so, and eventually shed their cell walls and die.

107
Q

Phenazopyridine HCL (AZO)

A

Is a urinary tract analgesic commonly administered to relieve the symptoms associated with the common Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). AZO is known to relive the urinary pain, burning, urgency, and frequency associated with urinary tract infections.

  • Caution:
  • Phenazopyridine HCL commonly dye’s urine an orange or red color.
  • This medication may cause nausea and should be taken with food.
108
Q

Polysporin-(Bacitracin/Polymyxin Ointment)

A

Is an antibiotic administered to treat or prevent infections on the skin.

109
Q

Prednisone

A

Is a corticosteroid used to reduce the immune system’s adverse effects on the body.

  • Caution:
  • This medication may increase blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes.
  • May cause restlessness.
110
Q

Prochlorperazine Maleate (Compazine)

A

Is a dopamine receptor antagonist. Compazine is prescribed as an antiemetic and for the treatment of nausea and vertigo. It can also be used as an off-label antipsychotic and may be therapeutic in treating migraine headaches.

  • Caution:
  • Patient should not drink alcohol while taking Compazine.
  • This medication may cause increased jitteriness and nervousness.
111
Q

Pseudoephedrine HCL (SudoGest)

A

Is a decongestant which shrinks the blood vessels within the nasal passages. Pseudoephedrine HCL is commonly prescribed to treat nasal drainage, nasal congestion (stuffy nose), and congestion of the Eustachian tubes, which drain fluid from the ears.

  • Caution:
  • Pseudoephedrine may cause the patient to feel anxious, jittery, and/or restless.
  • Ensure adequate fluid intake while taking this medication.
112
Q

Ranitidine HCL (Zantac)

A

Is a histamine-2 blocker that works by reducing the amount of acid the stomach produces. Zantac is prescribed for the treatment of heartburn and gastric esophageal reflux disease (GERD).

113
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Septra, Bactrim)

A

Is a sulfa antibiotic prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Since it inhibits bacterial growth, sulfamethoxazole is considered a bacteriostatic antibiotic. Trimethoprim inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis. Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole are commonly prescribed in combination due to possible synergistic effects, and reduced development of resistance.

  • Caution:
  • Take with food to avoid GI upset.
114
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

A

Is a topical antibiotic cream administered to prevent infection to the skin, especially when treating 2nd and 3rd degree burns.

  • Caution:
  • May cause a rash or itching.
115
Q

Tramadol (Ultram)

A

Is a narcotic-like pain reliever prescribed to treat mild to severe pain and works by blocking pain receptors.

  • Caution:
  • Tramadol can have sedative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. Advise the patient and/or family not to drive or drink alcohol while taking this medication.
116
Q

Tobramycin ophthalmic (Tobrex)

A

Is an antibiotic prescribed to treat bacterial infections of the eyes.

  • Caution:
  • Instruct patient to not touch the tip of the dropper to their eye during application, as this could cause spread of the infection.
117
Q

Triamcinolone Acetonide (Triderm)

A

Is a corticosteroid prescribed to reduce itching, redness and swelling associated with immune response such as poison ivy.

  • Caution:
  • Triamcinolone Acetonide may increase blood sugars in patient with diabetes. Instruct the patient to closely monitor their blood sugars if applicable.
118
Q

Valacyclovir HCL (Valtrex)

A

Is an antiviral medication and works by slowing the growth and spread of the herpes virus and assists the body fight the outbreak. Valacyclovir is prescribed to treat the herpes viruses, including genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults. Valacyclovir may also be prescribed to treat cold sores in children who are at least 12 years old, or chickenpox in children who are at least 2 years old.
-Caution: May cause nausea, stomach pain, headache and/or dizziness

119
Q

Ventolin HFA (Albuterol Sulfate)

A

Is a bronchodilator. Ventolin opens the patient’s airways and promotes the movement of air. It is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasms in patients with cases such as RSV, Asthma, COPD, and other respiratory illness.

  • Caution:
  • May cause nervousness, tremors, dry mouth, and/or an increase in heart rate.

PARAMEDIC Terminology and Anatomy (36 decks)

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