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Bio 223 > Ch 4 Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ch 4 Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue

7 - Functions

A
  1. Enclosing and seperating other tissues
  2. Connecting tissues to one another
  3. Supporting and moving parts of the body
  4. Storing compounds
  5. Cushioning and insulating
  6. Transporting
  7. Protecting
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2
Q

What are the 3 cell types that make up connective Tissue?

A

Blasts - create the matrix

Cytes - maintain it

Clasts - break it down for remodeling

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3
Q

What are the connective tissue cells that form the framework of the body?

A

Bone cells

Cartilage cells

Fibrous tissue cells

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4
Q

What are the bone cells called?

A

Osteoblasts - form the bone

Osteocytes - maintain it

Osteoclasts - break it down

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5
Q

What are the cartilage cells called?

A

Chondroblasts - form cartilage

Chondrocytes - maintain it

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6
Q

What are the fibrous tissue cells called?

A

Fibroblasts - form fibrous connective tissue

Fibrocytes - maintain it

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7
Q

Adipocytes aka adipose

A

Loose connective Tissue

contain a large amount of lipid. The lipid pushes the rest of the cell contents to the periphery so that each cell appears to contain a large centrally located lipid droplet

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8
Q

Mast cells

A

Play an important role in inflamination. They contain chemicals that are released in response to injury such as trauma and infection

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9
Q

White blood cells

AKA Leukocytes

A

continuously move from blood vessels to connective tissue (rate increases dramatically in response to injury or infection)

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

are large, phagocytic cells found in some connective tissues

They are derived from a type of white blood cell. They are either fixed or wandering.

They play a major role in protecting against infections

Eat bacteria and foreign substances and dead cells.

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11
Q

Platelets

A

fragments of hemopoietic cells containing enzymes and special proteins that function in teh clotting process to reduce bleeding from a wound

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12
Q

Undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells

A

Type of adult stem cell that persist in connective tissue - have the potential to form multiple cell types

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13
Q

What are the 3 major components of connective tissue ECM?

A

Protein fibers (Collagen, reticular, elastic fibers)

Ground substance

Fluid

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of protein fibers of the ECM?

A

Collagen

Reticular

Elastic

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16
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Consist of the protein collagen.

Most abundant protein in body

Very stong and flexible but not very elastic

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17
Q

Reticular fibers

A

very short, thin fibers that branch to form a network - MESH

Fill spaces between tissues and organs

*The reticular connective tissues are found in the kidney, the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Cradle and suuport organs

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18
Q

Elastic fibers

A

consist of the protein elastin

has the ability to return to its orignal shape after being stretched or compressed

*Found in SKIN lUNGS and BLOOD VESSEL wall

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19
Q

Ground substance of the matrix & two major components

A

gel like mixture of nonfibrous molecules

Hyaluronic acid & proteoglucycans

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20
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

long unbranched polysaccharide chain composed of repeating disaccharide units

*Good lubricant for joint cavities

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21
Q

Proteoglycan monomer

A

large molecule that consists of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides

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22
Q

Adhesive molecules

A

ground substance that hold the proteoglycan aggresgates together as well as attache them to cells fo the tissue

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23
Q

What is the ground substance of Cartilage, bone and fibrous connective tissue?

A

Chondronectin

osteonectin

fibronectin

24
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryonic connective tissue from which connective as well as other tissues arise

25
Q

Mucous connective Tissue

A

Embryonic connective tissue - unbilical cord

26
Q

What are the 2 types of Embryonic connective tissues

A

Mesenchyme & Mucous connective Tissue

27
Q

What are the 3 types of adult connective Tissue?

A

Connective Tissue Proper

Supporting connecting tissue

Fluid connecting tissue

28
Q

Loose connective Tissue

A

Consists of a relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid

Adipose, Reticular, Areolar

29
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose and reticular

30
Q

Areolar Tissue

Type of tissue?

Cells?

Ground substance/fibers?

Locations?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

CELLS: Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells

Ground Substance: Elastin and collagen fibers

Found: Widely distributed throughout the body, substance on which epithelial tissue rests, packing between glands, muscles and nerves

31
Q

Adipose tissue

Type of tissue?

Cells?

Ground substance/fibers?

Locations?

A

Loose connective Tissue

Cells: Consists of adipocytes which contain a large amount of lipids

Ground subtance: very little ground subatnce of glycoproteins and proteoglycans

Functions as an insulator, a protective tissue and a site of energy storage

Found: In subcutaneous areas, around kidneys and attached to surface of the colon

32
Q

Yellow adipose tissue

A

the most abundant

appears white at birth but turns yellow with age

33
Q

Brown adipose

A

found in specific areas of the body such as armpits, neck and near kidneys

Plays a role in regulating body temp in newborns and metabolism in adults

34
Q

Reticular Tissue

Type of tissue?

Cells?

Ground substance/fibers?

Locations?

A

Loose connective tissue

Cells: fibroblasts, leukocytes

Ground substance: Reticular fibers

forms the framework for lympatic tissue,such as spleen and lymph nodes

Found: Within spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

35
Q

Dense connective Tissue

A

has a relatively large number of protein fibers which form thick bundles and fill nearly all the extracelluar space

36
Q

What are the 2 subgroups of dense connective tissue?

A

Regular and irregular

37
Q

Dense regular connective Tissue

A

has protein fibers in the ECM that are oriented predominantly in one direction

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

38
Q

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Matrix composed of?

Running in same or different directions?

Function:

Found:

A

Matrix composed of collagen fibers

Running somewhat in same direction

Function: able to withstand great pulling forces in the direction of fibers

Found: tendons

39
Q

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

Matrix composed of?

Running in same or different directions?

Function:

Found:

A

consists of parallel bundles of collegan fibers and abundant elastic fibers

same direction

Function: Able to stretch and recoil like rubber band, strength in direction of fiber

Found: Vocal folds & elastic ligaments between vertebrae

40
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

contains protein fibers arramged as a meshwork of randomly oriented fibers

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

Dense irregular elastic connective tissue

41
Q

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

Matrix composed of?

Running in same or different directions?

Function:

Found:

A

Matrix composed of collagen fibers that run in all directions

in different directions

Function: Strength capable of stretching in all directions

Found: Most of dermis, organ capsules

42
Q

Dense irregular elastic connective tissue

Matrix composed of?

Running in same or different directions?

Function:

Found:

A

Matrix composed of bundles and sheets of collagenous and elastic fibers

different directions

Functions: Capable of strength, stretching in many directions

Found: Elastic arteries

43
Q

Cartilage

A

Composed of cartilage cells within an extensive and relatively rigid matrix.

*Surface of nearly all cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called perichondrium

Hyaline cartilage

Fibro cartilage

Elastic cartilage

44
Q

Lucunae

A

Spaces in which cartilage cells are located

45
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Elastic cartilage

46
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

has a large amount of both collagen fibers and proteoglycans.

Collegan fibers are evenly dispursed throughout the ground substance and hyaline cartilage in joint has a very smooth surface

47
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

more collagen fibers than protepglycans

much thick bundles of collagen fibers dispursed throughout matrix

Slightly compressable and very tough

*Knee, jaw

48
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Has numerous elastic fibers in addition to collagen adn preteoglycans

Found in external ears

49
Q

Bone

A

hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and mineralized matrix

50
Q

What are the 2 types of bones?

A

Spongy bone and Compact bone

51
Q

Spongy bone

A

has spaced between the trabeculae or plates of bone and resembles a sponge

52
Q

Compact bone

A

more solid. almost no space between many thin layers or lamella

53
Q

Blood

A

A fluid connective tissue

*Matrix is produced by other cells rather than by blood cells

54
Q

Hemopoietic Tissue

A

Tissue forms blood cells

in adults found in bone marrow

55
Q
A
56
Q

What are the 4 categories of connective tissue?

A

Proper

Blood

Bone

Cartilage

57
Q

What are the cell types and ground substance of Arerolar connective tissue?

A

Cell types: Fibroblasts, macrophages, lympocytes, mast cells

fiber types/ground substances: Collagen, elastic, reticular

Bio 223 (37 decks)

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