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Anatomy and Physiology > MedTerm Ch.6 > Flashcards

MedTerm Ch.6 Flashcards

1
Q

Arthr/o

Articul/o

A

Joint

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2
Q

Burs/o

A

Sac, purse, bursa

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3
Q

Carp/o

A

Wrist

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4
Q

Chondr/o

A

cartilage

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5
Q

Condyl/o

A

Knuckle of joint

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6
Q

Cost/o

A

rib

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7
Q

Cran/o, crani/o

A

skull, cranium

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8
Q

Fasci/o

A

fascia

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9
Q

Femor/o

A

thigh, femur

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10
Q

Fibr/o

A

fiber

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11
Q

Fibul/o

A

fibula

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12
Q

Ili/o

A

lank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis

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13
Q

Ischi/o

A

haunch, hip joint, ischium

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14
Q

Menisc/o

A

meniscus

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15
Q

Muscul/o, My/o, myos/o

A

muscle

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16
Q

Myel/o

A

bone marrow

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17
Q

Orth/o

A

straight

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18
Q

Oste/o

A

bone

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19
Q

Pariet/o

A

wall

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20
Q

Patell/o

A

patella

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21
Q

Ped/o

A

child

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22
Q

Petr/o

A

stone

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23
Q

Phalang/o

A

phalanges

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24
Q

Phys/o

A

growth

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25
Q

Pub/o

A

pubis

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26
Q

Radi/o

A

radius

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27
Q

Sacr/o

A

scared, sacrum

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28
Q

Skelet/o

A

skeleton

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29
Q

Spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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30
Q

Stern/o

A

chest, sternum

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31
Q

Synov/o, synovi/o

A

synovial

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32
Q

Tars/o

A

tarsal bone

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33
Q

Ten/o, tendon/o

A

stretch, tendon

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34
Q

Vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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35
Q

Diseases of the skeletal and muscular systems result from:

A
  • Physical injury
  • Infections
  • Tumor development
  • Endocrine disease
  • Inherited disorders
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36
Q

Orthopedics

A

Branch of medicine focusing on these diseases

•Physician specializing in this field of medicine is called an orthopedist

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37
Q

dys-

A

bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

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38
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, abnormally high, above

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39
Q

Kinesi/o

A

motion

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40
Q

Tax/o

A

reaction to a stimulus, movement

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41
Q

Troph/o

A

development

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42
Q

-algia

A

condition of pain

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43
Q

-dynia

A

condition of pain

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44
Q

-ia

A

condition of

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45
Q

-y

A

process of`

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46
Q

Arthralgia

A
  • Condition of joint pain

- Often the first symptom of joint or bone disease

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47
Q

Ataxia

A

Inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity

•Sign of a nervous system disorder, often inherited, that results in a loss of muscle coordination

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48
Q

Atrophy

A
  • Lacking development, or wasting
  • Seen when movement of a limb is prohibited
  • reduction in muscle strength due to disuse
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49
Q

Bradykinesia

A
  • Condition of slow motion

- muscle or nervous disorder

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50
Q

Decalcification

A
  • Abnormal reduction of calcium in bone
  • caused by a hormonal disorder upsetting the calcium balance between the bloodstream and bone
  • Tx: Hormonal therapy, increased Vitamin D
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51
Q

Dyskinesia

A
  • Condition of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult motion

-

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52
Q

Dystrophy

A
  • Process of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult development
  • General symptom of progressive muscle weakness that results from a genetic mutation
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53
Q

Hypertrophy

A
  • Sign of excessive muscle growth or development
  • Abnormality, but often induced by weight-training activities
    •Produced by addition of protein to muscle fibers
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54
Q

Myalgia

A

Condition of muscle pain

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55
Q

Tenodynia

A

Tendon pain

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56
Q

para-

A

alongside, abnormal

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57
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked

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58
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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59
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

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60
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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61
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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62
Q

lord/o

A

bent forward

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63
Q

por/o

A

hole

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64
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, meat

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65
Q

scoli/o

A

curved

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66
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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67
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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68
Q

-cele

A

hernia, swelling, protrusion

69
Q

-genesis

A

origin, cause

70
Q

-malacia

A

softening

71
Q

-plasia

A

formation, growth

72
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

73
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

74
Q

Achondroplasia

A

“without cartilage formation

  • Involved the abnormal lack of growth of the skeleton (mainly long bones) resulting in a short and disproportional body form
  • Disease that causes dwarfism
75
Q

Ankylosis

A
  • Joints are abnormally stiff and movement is difficult

- abnormal adhesion of two bones, which damages the joint structure between them

76
Q

Arthritis

A

General disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint
Two major forms, each with a different cause
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

77
Q

Arthrochondritis

A
  • Inflammation of articular cartilage within synovial joints

- Results in joint pain during movements

78
Q

Bunion

A
  • Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe
  • Caused by an inflammation of a bursa near the big toe
79
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa`

80
Q

Bursolith

A

Calcium deposit or stone within a bursa

- Diagnosis is confirmed with an x-ray and is often surgically removed

81
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

Repetitive stress injury of the wrist, characterized by inflammation of the wrist
- Pressure on the median nerve

82
Q

Carpoptosis

A
  • Also known as “wrist drop”, literally means “drooping of the wrist”
  • Weakness of the wrist that results in difficulty supporting the hand
83
Q

Cramps

A
  • Prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions (cramps) cause pain wherever they occur
84
Q

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

A
  • A progressive disease of the joints in which the cartilage degenerates
85
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A
  • A condition that causes skeletal muscle degeneration with progressive muscle weakness and deterioration
  • No cure
86
Q

Epicondylitis

A
  • Inflammation of the epicondyles (small bony elevations on the humerus near the elbow joint) usually due to an injury
87
Q

Fibromyalgia

A
  • A disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk
88
Q

Gout

A

Caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints; usually affects the big toe joints

89
Q

Herniated disk

A
  • Rupture of an intervertebral disk
  • Causes pressure against spinal nerves or the spinal cord to produce back pain
  • Often caused by a sudden movement or an attempt to lift a heavy object
90
Q
  • Kyphosis
  • Lordosis
  • Scoliosis
A
  • Curve in upper back (hump)
  • Curve in lower back (bent forward)
  • Lateral curveture
91
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A
  • Congenital disease in which excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates results in abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin body form
  • The heart valves of individuals with this disease are also deformed, resulting in valvular heart disease
92
Q

Meniscitis

A

Inflammation of a meniscus that results in joint pain`

93
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

“serious muscle weakness”

- A condition caused by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation

94
Q

Myeloma

A

“tumor of bone marrow”

95
Q

Myocele

A

Protrusion of muscle through its fascia

96
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of a muscle

97
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone”

- Bone tissue becomes inflamed when injured or exposed to infection

98
Q

Paget disease (Osteitis deformans)

A

Disease that results in bone deformities due to the acceleration of bone loss
- Common symptoms are severe bone pain and frequent fractures

99
Q
  • Osteosarcoma
A

Bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself
- Aggressive form of cancer, striking mostly the young and middle teens

100
Q

Leukemia

A

“condition of white blood”

- A form of cancer that originates from cells within the blood-forming tissue of the red marrow

101
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

An inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones
- it is a progressive disease, leading to severe bone pain, skeletal deformities, and frequent fractures

102
Q

Osteomalacia

A

A disease resulting in the softening of bones

- Cause is usually a hormonal imbalance, resulting in the gradual loss of calcium from bone tissue

103
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the red bone marrow

- Usual cause is a bacterial infection

104
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Abnormal loss of bone density (especially among postmenopausal women)
- Results in a loss of posture and flexibility and an increased risk of fractures

105
Q

Paraplegia

A

Loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs

106
Q

Polymyositis

A

“inflammation of many muscles”

- Autoimmune disease – white blood cells attack health tissue

107
Q

Rickets

A

•A disease in which the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions
- Children with a long-term deficiency of vitamin D or calcium in the diet may exhibit bowed legs and growth retardation

108
Q

Rotator cuff injury

A

A trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more tendons and muscles resulting in local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation

109
Q

Spinal cord injury (SCI)

A

Trauma to the vertebral column

- Can cause paralysis of areas of the body below the vertebral level of the injury

110
Q

Spondyloarthritis

A

“inflammation of joints of vertebrae”

- Most common symptom is low back pain

111
Q

Sprain

A

Tear of collagen fibers within a ligament
- Usually caused by stretching the ligament beyond its normal range without warming up or slowly stretching before exercise

112
Q

Strain

A

Similar to a sprain but involving a muscle

- Usually caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range

113
Q

Temporomandibular joint disease (TMJ)

A

•Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint that results in frequent, painful dislocations
- Makes it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing

114
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon

- Common sports injury

115
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Form of tendonitis that includes inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint

116
Q

Syn/o

A

connect

117
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

118
Q

clasia, -clasis

A

break apart

119
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation, fusion

120
Q

-iatry:

A

treatment, specialty

121
Q

-ist:

A

one who specializes

122
Q

-lysis

A

loosen, dissolve

123
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing

124
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

The aspiration of fluids through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint
- Common treatment for joint injuries resulting in inflammation such as CTS

125
Q

Arthroclasia

A

Procedure in which an abnormally stiff joint is broken during surgery to increase ROM

126
Q

Arthrodesis

A

“surgical fixation of a joint”

127
Q

Arthrogram

A

A special x-ray of a joint

128
Q

Arthrolysis

A

Joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions (calcium deposits and bursoliths)

129
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Procedure to repair a joint

- Complete arthroplasty – refers to a joint replacement, most common is a knee replacement

130
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Process of looking inside the joint
- The arthroscope is a wonderful surgical advance so that the surgeon can actually see the inside of a joint (scope is the device or camera that is used)

131
Q

Arthrotomy

A

-Surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint

132
Q

Bursectomy

A

Surgery involving the removal of a bursa from a joint

133
Q

Chiropractic

A
  • Field of therapy that is centered on manipulation of bones and joints (most commonly the vertebral column)
  • Chiropractor – practitioner of the field
134
Q

Chondrectomy

A

Surgical excision, or removal, of cartilage

135
Q

Chondroplasty

A

Surgical repair of cartilage associated with a joint

136
Q

Costectomy

A

Surgery involving the removal of a rib

137
Q

Cranioplasty

A

Repair of the skull

138
Q

Craniotomy

A

•A surgical incision through the cranium to provide access to the brain

139
Q

Diskectomy

A
  • Surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral disk
140
Q

Spinal fusion (spondylosyndesis)

A
  • Surgical procedure in which the adjacent vertebrae are fused together following the removal of the disk
141
Q

Laminectomy

A

-Surgical removal of the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord

142
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

A procedure that provides electrical stimulation of a muscle and records and analyzes the contractions

143
Q

Fasciotomy

A

A surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle

144
Q

Reduction

A
  • aligning the broken bones to their normal positions; types include closed and open
  • “bringing back to normal”
145
Q

Myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a muscle

146
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical repair of a muscle often includes suturing the torn ends together in a procedure known as myorrhaphy

147
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A
  • Most common pharmacological treatment for inflammation or pain
  • Examples: aspirin and ibuprofen
148
Q

Orthotics

A

The field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances

149
Q

Ostectomy

A

Surgical removal, or excision, of bone tissue

150
Q

Osteopathy

A

A medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition

151
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

suturing of a tendon

152
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

153
Q

AS

A

ankylosing spondylitis

154
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

155
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

156
Q

DMD

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

157
Q

DO

A

Doctor of osteopathy

158
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

159
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

160
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

161
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

162
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

163
Q

RICE

A

– rest, ice, compression, elevation

164
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

165
Q

SCI

A

spinal cord injury

166
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

167
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

168
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement

169
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint disease

Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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