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Pathology - Y5 > Fundamentals of Histopathology > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Histopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are neutrophils associated with?

A

Acute inflammation e.g.

Acute appendicitis
Acute pericarditis
Acute gastritis etc.

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2
Q

What types of cells are associated with chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Conditions include:

Rheumatoid arthritis
Lymphomas

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3
Q

When can you have both neutrophils and lymphocytes in a histology slide?

A

For conditions such as UC which are chronic but you can get acute flare ups

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4
Q

What are eosinophils associated with?

A

Allergies and parasites

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5
Q

What are allergies in the liver usually associated with?

A

Drugs

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6
Q

What can eosinophils in rectal biopsy indicate?

A

Cow’s milk allergy in children

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7
Q

Which tumours can result in a large number of eosinophils?

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

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8
Q

What does eosinophilic oesophagitis indicate?

A

Food allergy

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9
Q

What is the function of mast cells?

A

Histamine production

Also allergies

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10
Q

What do macrophages indicate?

A

Late acute inflammation and chronic inflammation

They clean up the mess left by the neutrophils

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11
Q

What can macrophages result in?

A

Granulomas (organised collection activated macrophages)

Usually phagocytic, but once activated, macrophages turn secretory and gain more cytoplasm

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12
Q

How can you tell if a sputum sample is a sputum sample or a mouth rinse?

A

Sputum will contain macrophages

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13
Q

What do macrophages look like on a histology slide?

A

Can be differentiated by black spots

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14
Q

What is this?

A

The white patches represent TB

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15
Q

What test do you do for TB?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen staining

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16
Q

What are the different types of carcinomas and how can they be differentiated?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma - Keratin production, intercellular bridges

Adenocarcinomas - Mucin production, glands

Transitional cell carcinomas

17
Q

What are these?

A

Intracellular bridges

18
Q

What is this?

A

SCC

19
Q

What are some sites of origin for squamous cancers?

A

Skin

Head and neck

Oesophagus

Anus

Cervix

Vagina

20
Q

What is this?

A

Melanoma - note the dark patches

In advanced melanoma, it stops producing melanin

21
Q

What are hisochemical stains good for?

A

To identfy antibodies present

22
Q

What could this be?

A

Melanoma

23
Q

What is this stain and what is it showing?

A

Prussian Blue Iron Stain

Haemochromostasis

24
Q

What are the two stains which can be used to identify amyloid tissue?

A

Congo red

Apple green birefringence

25
Q

What is this and what is it a marker for?

A

Cytokeratin

Epithelial marker

26
Q

What is this and what is it a marker for?

A

CD45

Lymphoid marker

Pathology - Y5 (59 decks)

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