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GSC1106 > 1: A+P Basics and Systems > Flashcards

1: A+P Basics and Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Study of structure, shape (morphology) and body parts

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2
Q

What are the 3 categories of anatomy?

*Bonus: 4th category

A
  • Gross: organs
  • Microscopic: histology
  • Embryology & developmental
  • *Neuroanatomy: structure and functions that make up NS
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3
Q

How are anatomy and physiology related?

A

Structure determines function

  • all components work tgt to prod. outcome
  • destruction of structure = loss of function
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4
Q

Name the levels of structural organization (smallest -> largest)

A 
Chemical (atoms)
Cellular (cells = smallest unit of life)
Tissue
Organ
Organ System 
Organism
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5
Q

Integumentary System Organs

A 
Skin (outer covering) 
Accessory organs (nails, glands, hair etc..)
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6
Q

Functions of Integumentary System

A

Protection
Excretion (sweat and oil - heat regulation + dehyrdation prevention)
Sensation
Production of Vitamin D (sunlight)

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7
Q

Organs of Skeletal System

A

Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments

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8
Q

Functions of Skeletal System

A

Support (framework)
Protection (enclose structures)
Hematopoiesis (blood formation within bone marrow)
Mineral storage (Ca2+ and P)

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9
Q

Different types of muscles

A

Skeletal: focus of muscular system
- with tendons and connective tissue
Cardiac
Smooth

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10
Q

Functions of Muscular System

A

Motility
- body movement, aid in digestion, mvt of blood
Maintain posture
Heat production (via contractions)

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11
Q

Organs of Nervous System

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves + receptors

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12
Q

Functions of Nervous System

A

Regulation

Coordination

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13
Q

What are the 2 division of NS?

A

Central NS: Integration Centre

Peripheral NS

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14
Q

Organs of Endocrine System

A 
Glands
- Pineal
- Pituitary
- Thyroid
- Thymys
- Adrenal
Hormones
Testis + Ovary
Pancreas
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15
Q

Functions of Endocrine System

A

Regulation

Coordination

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16
Q

What makes the ES of regulation and coordination different from NS

A

NS: fast acting, via neurons, nt
ES: hormone use -> slow acting
- hormones travel through blood from glands

17
Q

Organs of Cardiovascular System

A

Heart

Blood vessel

18
Q

Functions of Cardiovascular System

A

Transportation of materials
- O2, nutrients, Fe, hormones, CO2
Thermoregulation
- via blood vessels

19
Q

Organs of Lymphatic System

A 
Lymph
Lymph organs
- thymus
-lymph nodes
-spleen
-lymphatic vessels
20
Q

Functions of Lymphatic System

A

Transportation of material: leaked fluid and proteins form bv (edema)
Cleansing + Immunity
- WBC

21
Q

Organs of Respiratory System

A 
Nasal + oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Lungs
22
Q

Functions of Repiratory System

A 
Gas exchange (O2 + CO2)
pH regulation
23
Q

How does the respiratory system regulate pH

A

H+ (acid) regulation via bicarbonate/carbonic acid

ie: by inc breathing rate = release CO2 (acid)
- inc pH

24
Q

Organs of Digestive System

A 
Oral Cavity
Esophagus
Stomach
Small + Large Intestines
Rectum
Anus
25
Q

Functions of Digestive System

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

26
Q

Organs of Urinary System

A 
Kidney
- excrete excess acid and make base (bicarbonate)
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
27
Q

Functions of Urinary System

A

Excretion *NITROGENOUS WASTE ONLY (urine)
pH balance
electrolyte balance
- maintain water/salt ratios
Calcitriol (active form of vitamine D) synthesis from Vit D

28
Q

Organs of Reproductive System

A

Males:

  • Prostate gland
  • seminal vesicles
  • penis
  • vas deferens
  • testis
  • scrotum

Females:

  • mammary glands (breast)
  • Uterine tube
  • Ovary
  • uterus
  • vagina
29
Q

Functions of Reproductive System

A

Males:
-testosterone prod + sperm transfer

Females:

  • estrogen + progesterone production
  • nutritive enviro for fetus

GSC1106 (4 decks)

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