BIOL Lab 2

Question 1

Impression

Answer 1

No organic matter preserved, some significant features may be preserved

Question 2

Compression

Answer 2

Some organic matter preserved, a good deal of cellular structure

Question 3

Petrifaction

Answer 3

plant tissues are infiltrated and/or replaced with minerals, Acetate peel method (exams)

Question 4

Amber

Answer 4

Preservation of fossils within fossilized plant sap (amber)

Question 5

Three domains

Answer 5

Eubacteria, Archea, Eukarya

Question 6

Eubacteria

Answer 6

True bacteria

Question 7

Archea

Answer 7

Primitive single-celled organisms

Question 8

Eukarya

Answer 8

Multicellular plants, animals, and fungi

Question 9

Seven independent lines of evidence for Macroevolutionary change

Answer 9

Fossil record, molecular sequence data, structural homology, developmental similarity, vestigial structures, convergent evolution, and patterns of animal and plant distributions

Question 10

Macroevolution

Answer 10

Above all species

Question 11

Estimated age of the earth

Answer 11

4.6 billion years

Question 12

Geological time is broken down into:

Answer 12

eons, eras, periods, epochs

Question 13

Millions of Years Ago

Answer 13

MYA

Question 14

Biologists start counting when?

Answer 14

3.8 mya because life started on earth then

Question 15

Taxa

Answer 15

Type of species

Question 16

Character

Answer 16

The descriptions

Question 17

Cladogram

Answer 17

Depicts evolutionary relationships among different taxa and is basically an evolutionary hypothesis

Question 18

A different group of Taxa is called

Answer 18

Clades

Question 19

Synapomorphies

Answer 19

shared derived (characters/ trait)

Question 20

Monophyletic group

Answer 20

perfect group of the only descendent

Question 21

Paraphyletic group

Answer 21

Common ancestor but not concise group (trait-based) e.g. flight

Question 22

Classification

Answer 22

Shared characters

Question 23

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 23

hypothesis about the evolutionary history, or phylogeny of species

Question 24

Node

Answer 24

The point where a common ancestor is shared by two or more taxa

Question 25

Clade

Answer 25

Consists of a group of organisms and includes the ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 26

Branch

Answer 26

Diverges off the main branch for each taxon, which is then listed at the tip of that branch

Question 27

Parsimony

Answer 27

Fewest # of steps

Question 28

Presence and absence, respectively

Answer 28

1 and 0, respectively

Question 29

The seven taxonomic ranks

Answer 29

kingdom, phylum, division, class, order, family, genus, species