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From Flashcardlet > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

0
Q

Indications for paracetamol

A

Mild pain and fever

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1
Q

Schedule for paracetamol

A

S2 therapeutic poisons

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2
Q

Special notes for paracetamol

A

Consider previous doses of paracetamol by pt, carer or guardian

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3
Q

Presentation of paracetamol

A

500 mg tablet

120 mg in 5 ml acohol and sugar free elixir

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4
Q

Pharmacology of paracetamol

A

Paracetamol is a p-amino phenol derivative that exhibits mild analgesic and antipyretic effects. It does not possess significant anti-inflammatory properties.

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5
Q

Doses of Paracetamol for Paediatrics

A

Paed 15 mg/ kg every four hours

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6
Q

Side effects of paracetamol

A

Nausea

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7
Q

Contraindications of paracetamol

A
  1. KSAR

2. Pt <1 month old

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8
Q

Paracetamol drug class

A

Analgesic

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9
Q

Metabolism of paracetamol

A

By the liver, excreted by the kidneys

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10
Q

Doses of Paracetamol for Adults

A

Adult 500 mg to 1 g every four hours

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11
Q

Precautions of paracetamol

A
  1. Hepatic or renal dysfunction

2. Pts on con commitment anticoagulant therapy excluding clopidogrel.

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12
Q

Onset, duration and half life of paracetamol.

A

Onset 10-60 mins dependent on stomach contents, duration 4 hrs, half life 2 hrs

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13
Q

Dose for Paediatrics

A

Paediatrics = 3 mls non repeatable

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14
Q

Methoxyflurane drug class

A

Analgesic ( at low doses )

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15
Q

Precautions for methoxyflurane

A
  1. ALOC

2. Intoxicated or drug affected patients

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16
Q

Metabolism of methoxyflurane

A

By the liver and excreted mainly by the lungs

17
Q

Special notes for methoxyflurane

A
  1. Use on children who can self monitor their own pain scale and self administer.
  2. Deep sedation in pts < 5 yrs old
  3. At no time should unconsciousness be deliberately induced by administration
  4. At no time should a pt self administering be left unattended.
  5. The lowest dose should be used to achieve analgesia
  6. If the pt prefers simultaneous administration through nose and mouth a face mask can be connected prior to administration
  7. Total weekly dose should not exceed 15 mls
  8. Only 1 in the back of the vehicle, 2 per shift per officer
18
Q

Side effects of methoxyflurane

A
  1. Cough
  2. ALOC
  3. Hepatic or renal failure following repeated high doses
19
Q

Onset of methoxyflurane

A

1-3 mins

20
Q

Schedule of methoxyflurane

A

S4 restricted drug

21
Q

Presentation of methoxyflurane

A

3 ml glass bottle

22
Q

Pharmacology of methoxyflurane

A

Inhalation agent that provides analgesia at low doses.
More susceptible to metabolism than other halogenated ethers
Greater propensity to diffuse into fatty tissue.

23
Q

Indications for methoxyflurane

A

Pain

24
Q

Contraindications for methoxyflurane

A
  1. KSAR
  2. Hx of malignant hyperthermia
  3. Hx of signicant liver or renal disease
  4. Pts under 1 yrs old
25
Q

Doses of methoxyflurane for adults

A

Adults = 3 mls repeatable after 20 mins, max dose 6 mls

26
Q

Duration of methoxyflurane

A

5-10mins

27
Q

Indications for morphine

A
  1. Significant pain
  2. Autonomic dysreflexia with systolic bp > 160 mmHg
  3. Sedation to maintain or establish ett
28
Q

Precautions of morphine

A
  1. Elderly pts
  2. Hypotension
  3. Respiratory tract burns
  4. Respiratory depression and or failure
  5. Known addiction to narcotics
  6. Pts on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
29
Q

Schedule of morphine

A

S8 controlled drugs

30
Q

Doses of Morphine for Paediatrics

A

< 1 yr old = consult only
IMI 100 - 200 mcg /kg repeat 10 mins, 200 mcg / kg max dose
IVI 100 mcg / kg repeat 5 mins at 50 mcg / kg max dose 200 mcg / kg

31
Q

Doses of Morphine for Adults

A

IMI 2.5 - 10 mg repeat every 10 mins NMD

IVI 2.5 -5 mg repeat every 5 mins, NMD

32
Q

Duration of Morphine

A

1-2 hrs

33
Q

Contraindications of morphine

A

KSAR

34
Q

Morphine special notes

A
  1. When morphine is administered to a hypotensive pt , ACP must call ICP backup where available
  2. In the setting of the hypotensive pt ( <90SBP) all incremental doses are to be no greater than 2.5 - 5 mg IV or 5 mg IMI
  3. For doses above 20 mg intravenous access must be established, if it cannot be established ACP must consult.
  4. GTN is the first line treatment for autonomic dysreflexia, but Morphine should be considered as part of the treatment regime
  5. All cannulae must be flushed with saline
35
Q

Side effects of morphine

A
  1. Bradycardia
  2. Drowsiness
  3. Hypotension
  4. Nausea / vomiting
  5. Pin point pupils
  6. Respiratory depression
36
Q

Pharmacology of morphine

A
  • Acts on the CNS
  • Binds to opioid receptors
  • Alters pain perception and emotional response to pain.
  • Causes respiratory depression, decreases gag reflex, decreases av node conduction, and vasodilation.
37
Q

Morphine drug class

A

Narcotic analgesic

38
Q

Onset of morphine

A

IM 5-10 mins

IV 2-5 mins

39
Q

Metabolism of morphine

A

Liver, kidneys and lungs

40
Q

Half life of Morphine

A

2 hrs

41
Q

Presentation of morphine

A

10 mg in 1 ml

From Flashcardlet (28 decks)

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