ABDO

Question 1

HEPATOMEGALY

• ETIOLOGY
• COMPLICATIONS OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS
• INVESTIGATIONS FOR LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Answer 1

NAFL/AFL ; HEMATOLOGICAL - CML/MF ; PBC (XANTHELASMA/XANTHOMA/SJOGREN; osteomalacia/weakness) ; POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY/LIVER DISEASE ; HEMOCHROMATOSIS (BRONZE/CCF/CLD/DM) ; SARCOIDOSIS ; AMYLOIDOSIS ; TUMORS ; CCF
PORTAL HYPERTENSION (ASCITES / SBP, SPLENOMEG, ESO VARICES) ; HE (HEPATICUS) ; COAG ; HEPATORENAL SYNDROME
HEP SEROLOGY ; ANA/ASM/AMA ; FERRITIN/TSAT ; CU/CERULOPLASMIN ; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ; CHOLESTEROL ; A1AT

Question 2

JAUNDICE

- ETIOLOGY

Answer 2

CIRRHOSIS ; HEMOLYSIS ; DUBIN JOHNSON (CONJUGATED) / GILBERT (UNCONJUGATED)

Question 3

ASCITES

- ETIOLOGY

Answer 3

TRANSUDATE VS EXUDATE
PORTAL HTN ; CCF ; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ; MALIGNANCY ; MEIGS SYNDROME ; BUDD-CHIARI ; CHYLOUS ASCITES ; TUBERCULOUS/CONSTRICTIVE PERITONITIS
US ABDO ; DIAGNOSTIC PARACENTESIS
SALT <88MMOL/DAY/FLUID RESTRICT ; DIURETICS ; DIURETIC-RESISTANT: PARACENTESIS W IV ALBUMIN ; TIPS ; LIVER TRANSPLANT

Question 4

SPLENOMEGALY

- ETIOLOGY

Answer 4

CML/MF ; LYMPHOMA ; CLD ; SARCOID ; RA (FELTY -LEUKO/NEUTROPENIA+RECURRENT INFX)

Question 5

ADPKD

• SYMPTOMS/SIGNS
• OTHER SYNDROMES A/W POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS
• DIFFERENTIALS
• INX
• TX

Answer 5

HEMATURIA / UTI / HTN / SAH / URATE RENAL STONES / USU. BILATERAL INVOLVEMENT ; MVP ; COLONIC DIVERT
- TSC / VHL
HYDRONEPHROSIS ; RCC ; CYSTS
FBC ; UE ; US KUB (>/=5 CYST BILATERALLY IF NO FHX ; 2 IN EACH IF FHX ; AGE-DEPENDENT) ; CTB/MRI BRAIN
- ACEI ; LIMIT SALT / CAFFEINE; INCREASE WATER INTAKE ; AVOID ABDOMINAL TRAUMA

Question 6

RENAL TRANSPLANT

- COMPLICATIONS

Answer 6

HLA-MATCHING IS IMPT TO PREVENT TRANSPLANT REJECTION ESP. HLA-DR ; BLOOD TRANSFUSION CAN SENSITIZE HOST TO HLA ANTIGENS
CX INCLUDE ORGAN REJECTION ; DRUG-INDUCED SE (HTN ; METABOLIC SYNDROME 2’ STEROIDS) ; MALIGNANCY (LYMPHOMA ; SKIN CA) ; INFECTIONS (PCP ; CMV) ; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS