Lecture Growth and Development 0-12 Months

Question 1

1 month prone

Answer 1

Lifts and turns head to the side, flexed posture, high pelvis, legs under abdomen

Question 2

1 month supine

Answer 2

Reciprocal and symmetrical kicking, flexed posture, head turned to the side, body may follow neck (neck riding reflex)

Question 3

1 month sitting

Answer 3

Back evenly rounded, can hold head erect only briefly and pulled to sit has complete head lag.

Question 4

1 month standing

Answer 4

Automatic standing and walking due to reflexes but no motor control

Question 5

4 months prone

Answer 5

Props on forearms, head lifted 45-90d. Legs extended with weight through pelvis. Tendency to fall sideways.

Question 6

4 months supine

Answer 6

Head in midline, may roll side to side, hands engaged near mouth, face or chest.

Question 7

4 months sitting

Answer 7

With support, back in lumbar region is straight but round in the thoracic region. Can hold head erect continuously.

Question 8

4 months PTS

Answer 8

Slight head lag, quite variable though

Question 9

4 months locomotion

Answer 9

Attempts to roll side to side with arm leading

Question 10

6 months prone

Answer 10

Props on extended arms forwards, can shift and control weight on one side. Reaches with one arm whilst propping on the other forearm

Question 11

6 months supine

Answer 11

Feet to mouth, increased lateral flexion

Question 12

6 months sitting

Answer 12

Stronger trunk extension, legs form circle when sitting, arms come out (usually forwards) to protect if unbalanced

Question 13

6 months PTS

Answer 13

No head lag

Question 14

6 months standing

Answer 14

May be NWB if independent sitting is still developing

Question 15

6 months locomotion

Answer 15

Rolling and combat crawling backwards only

Question 16

9 months prone

Answer 16

Pushes up from prone to sitting with rotation

Question 17

9 months supine

Answer 17

Supine to sitting through side lying

Question 18

9 months sitting

Answer 18

Sits independently, moves in and out of position readily - protective extension of arms, by ten months does this with arms extended backwards

Question 19

9 months head control

Answer 19

Compete in all conditions

Question 20

9 months standing

Answer 20

FWB in supported stand, positive landau trunk and hip extension

Question 21

9 months locomotion

Answer 21

Combat crawling, bottom shuffling, quadruped crawling, pulling up on furniture to stand

Question 22

12 months sitting

Answer 22

Well established, changes position using trunk rotation

Question 23

12 months locomotion

Answer 23

Crawls on hands and knees
Walks with hands held or may be independent. Cruises furniture and uses it to help balance
Climbs on low ledge or step

Question 24

12 months standing

Answer 24

Pulls to stand through half kneel, stands alone momentarily

Question 25

1 months atypical

Answer 25

Difficulty flexing legs under body, limited arc of extremity movement, absence of reciprocal leg movements, no evidence of grasp and release, body held in abnormal positions

Question 26

4-5 months atypical

Answer 26

Lateral weight shifting difficult in prone, unable to extend arms fully towards midline in supine, kyphotic sitting position, unable to sit erect even with support

Question 27

6-7 months atypical

Answer 27

Inability to achieve midline head position in supine or sitting. No evidence of movement in prone, inability to tilt pelvis to bring thighs to hands

Question 28

8-9 months atypical

Answer 28

Commando crawl or bunny hop, W sit as their only sitting position

Question 29

12 months atypical

Answer 29

Trunk and extremity stiffness, laxity or instability. Poor coordination preventing hand/knee locomotion and the emergence of standing