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gross anatomy > larynx > Flashcards

larynx Flashcards

1
Q

location of larynx

as well as in men and female

A

anterior midline of neck from the root of the tongue to the trachea
in male at the level of c3-c6
and in female at the level of c1-c4

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2
Q

unpaired cartilages of larynx

A

thyroid ( shield like)
cricoid ( ring like)
epiglottis ( leaf like )

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3
Q

pair cartilages

A

arytenoid (cup shaped)
cuneiform (weged shape)
corniculate (HORN shapes)

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4
Q

largest laryngreal cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

laryngeal promminence

A

the lower part of anterior border’s right and left lamina fuse to form laryngeal prominence which is called adams apple

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6
Q

thyroid notch

A

upper part of anterior borders does not meet and make the thyroid notch

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7
Q

supper cornue

A

articulates with greater cornua of hyoid bone and thyrohyoid ligament

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8
Q

inferior cornua

A

articulates with cricoid cartilages and circothyroid joint

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9
Q

conus elasticus

A

the inferior border of thyroid cartlage is attached to the cricoid cartlage thorught the conus elasticus

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10
Q

oblique line attachment

A

thyrohyoid
sterothyroid
thyropharyngeus

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11
Q

attachments of thyroid gland:along the posterior border

A

salphingopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
palatophyrangeus

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12
Q

inner aspect of thyroid cartilages is attached

A 
median thyroepiglottic ligament 
thyroepiglottic muscles
vestibular fold
vocal fold 
thyroarytenoid 
vocalis muscle on each side
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13
Q

what is the foundation stone of larynx

A

cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

atttachements of crioid catilage

A

anterior of arch: cricothyroid (tensor of vocal cord)

anterolateral: lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (adductor of vocal cord )
lamina: posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

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15
Q

safety muscle is

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

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16
Q

epiglottis

A

is lead like
upper end projects upward to hyoid bone and tongue lower border is attached to the laryngeal emminence with thyroepiglottic ligament

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17
Q

attachments of epiglottis

A

on the lateral sides it is attached to aryepiglottic folds

to the tongue through median glossoepiglottic

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18
Q

function of thyroepiglottic and aryepiglottic

A

thyroepiglottic muscle: keeps the inlet of larynx open for breathing
aryepiglottic: keeps the inlet closed during swalloing

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19
Q

attachments of cricoid catilages

A

vocal folds with vocalis muscle
vestibular fold
posteriorly to posterior cricoarytenoid (saftey muscle)
anteriorly to lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (adductor of vocal cord )
transverse arytenoid

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20
Q

quadrate membrane

A

attached between thyroid, epiglottis and arytenoid

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21
Q

corniculate cartilage is present

A

at the posterior part of aryepiglottic fold

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22
Q

cuneiform

A

present in the aryepiglottic folds

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23
Q

laryngeal ligaments extrinsic

A

thyrohyoid membrane
hyoepiglottic ligament
cricotracheal ligament

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24
Q

laryngeal ligaments intrinsic

A

quadrate membrane

conus elasticus

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25
Q

quadrate membrane forms two things

A

upper border makes the aryepiglottic fold

and lower border makes vestibular fold

26
Q

conus elasticus

A

anteriorly makes cricothyroid ligament

upper free border makes vocal fold

27
Q

thyrohyoid membrane supply

A

internal laryngeal nerves

superior laryngeal vessels

28
Q

joints

A

cricothyroid - rotatory movemnt around trasnverse axis
tensor and relaxer of vocal cords
cricoarytenoid- rotatory movemnet around vertical axis
adductor and abductor of vocal cors

29
Q

sacculae of the larynx is also called as the

A

oil can of the larynx cause it secrets mucous through mucous glands helps to lubricate vocal cords

30
Q

what parts of the larynx is covered by stratified squamous epithelium

A

anterior, upper half of posterior surface of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and vocal cords

31
Q

Nerve supply of intrinsic muscles

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Except to cricothyroid which is supplied by external laryngeal nerve

32
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid movement

A

it moves medially pushes the vocal process laterally caused abduction of vocal cords

33
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid

A

muscular process moves forward and laterally while the vocal process moves medially adducting the vocal cords

34
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid origins and insertion

A

Origin: Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid
Insertion: Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

35
Q

Only abductor of larynx is

A

posterior cricoaytenoid

36
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid origin and insertion

A

Origin: Lateral part of upper border of arch of criocoid
Insertio: Anterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
(ADDUCTOR)

37
Q

Transverse arytenoid origin and insertion

A

origin: Posterior surface of one arytenoid
Insertion: Posterior surface of another arytenoid
(ADDUCTOR)

38
Q

Oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic origin and insertion

A

muscular process of one arytenoid and apex of other arytenoid
these fibers may continue as aryepiglottic muscle (CLOSING OF EPIGLOTTIS

39
Q

thyroarytenoid and thyroepigottic origin and insertion:

A

origin: thyroid angle and adjacent cricotyroid ligament
insertion : anterolateral surface of arytenoid
some fibers curve upwards and make the thyroepiglottic muscle
(opening of epiglottis)

40
Q

vocalis origin and insertion

A

origin: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
insertion: vocal ligament of angle of thyroid cartilage

41
Q

Only muscle present outside the larynx

A

cricothyroid

42
Q

Origin and insertion of cricothyroid

A

origin: Lower and lateral surface of the cricoid
Insertion: Inferior cornua and lower body of thyroid cartilage tuning fork of larynx

43
Q

origin and insertion of posterior criocoaytenoid

A

origin: posterior surface of the lamina of cricoid
insertion: posterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid
ONLY ABDUCTOR

44
Q

later cricoarytenoid origin and insertion

A

origin: lateral part of upper border of arch of cricoid
insertion: anterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid
(ADDUCTOR)

45
Q

Transverse arytenoid origin and insertion

A

origin: posterior aspect of one arytenoid
insertion: posterior surface of another arytenoid
(adductor)

46
Q

oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic origin and insertion

A

origin: MUSUCLAR process of one arytenoid
insertion: apex of another arytenoid
some fibers may continue as aryepiglottic muscle

47
Q

thyroarytenoid and thyroepiglottic origin and insertion

A

origin: thryoid angle and adjacent cricothyroid ligament
insertion: anterolateral aspect of arytenoid some fibers curve upwards and continue as thyroepiglottic

48
Q

vocalis origin and insertion

A

origin: vocal process of arytenoid
insertion: vocal ligament and thyroid angle

49
Q

relaxer of vocal cords

A

thyroarytenoid vocalis

50
Q

muscle that close the inlet of larynx

A

oblique arytenoid

and aryepiglottic

51
Q

muscles that open the inlet

A

thyroepiglotticus

52
Q

arterial supply and venous drainage upto vocal cords

A

superior laryngeal artery and a branch of superior thyroid artery
superior laryngeal vein drains into superior thyroid vein

53
Q

arterial supply and venous drainage below vocal cords

A

inferior laryngeal artery and a branch of inferior thyroid artery
inferior laryngeal vein drains into inferior thyroid vein

54
Q

motor supply

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the msucles except cricothyroid which is supllied by external laryngeal

55
Q

sensory supply

A

upto vocal cords: internal laryngeal to mucous membrane

below vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal

56
Q

lymphatic drainages

A

above vocal cords to anteriorsuperior part of deep cervical nodes
below vocals cords to posteriorinferior part of deep cervical nodes

57
Q

DAMAGE to internal laryngeal causes

A

anesthesia of mucous membrane of more foreign substances increases

58
Q

phonation due to loss of tightening of cricothyroid on the vocal cord

A

extern laryngeal nerve

59
Q

complete loss of voice

A

damage to recurrent laryngeal nerves

60
Q

hoarseness of voice

A

when one recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged opposite vocal cord compensates for it

61
Q

piriform fossa

A

it is present between the quadrate membrane and median surafce of thyroid cartilage and it is known as the smugglers fossa

62
Q

mucous membrane of larynx is supplied by

A

vagus nerve through reccurent laryngeal or superior laryngeal nerves

gross anatomy (16 decks)

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