Exam 1 Flashcards
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is obtaining a medical history about a child. To intergrate both nursing and medical aspects of primary care, which will be included in the medical history ?
A. Complementary medications, alternative health practices, and chief complaint
B. Developmental delays, nutritional status, and linear growth patterns.
C. Medication currently taking, allergy information, and family medical history.
D. Speech and language development, belief about health, and previous illnesses.
D. Speech and language development, belief about health, and previous illnesses.
When formulating development diagnoses for pediatric patients, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner may use which resource?
A. DC:03R
B. ICD10cm
C. ICSD3
D. NANDA international
A. DC:03R
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 3 year old child who chronically withholds stools, in spite of the parents’ attempts to stop the behavior, requiring frequent treatments with laxative medications. Which diagnosis will the nurse practitioner use to facilitate third-party reimbursement?
A. Altered elimination pattern
B. Elimination disorder
C. Encopresis
D. Parenting alteration.
C. Encopresis- a condition which a child resists having a bm, causing impacted stool to collect in the colon and rectum and lead to leakage.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is assessing a toddler whose weight and body mass index (BMI) are below the 3rd percentile for age. The nurse practitioner learns that he child does not have regular mealtimes and is allowed to carry a bottle of juice around at all times. The nurse practitioner plans to work with this family to develop improved meal patterns. Which diagnosis will the nurse practitioner use for this problem?
A. Failure to thrive
B. Home care resources inadequate
C. Nutrition alteration-less than required
D. Parenting alteration.
D. Parenting alteration.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child checkup on a 20 month old child. The child was 4 weeks premature and, according to a parent completed developmental questionnaire, has achieved a milestones for a 15 month old infant. Which action is correct?
A. Perform an in-depth developmental assessment screen at this visit to evaluate this child.
B. Reassure the parent that the child will catch up to normal development by age 2 years.
C. Reevaluate this child’s development and milestone achievements at the 2 year visit.
D. Refer the child to a specialty clinic for evaluation and treatment of developmental delay.
A. Perform an in-depth developmental assessment screen at this visit to evaluate this child.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a developmental assessment on a 3 year old child and notes normal cognitive, fine motor, and gross motor abilities. The child responds appropriately to verbal commands during the assessment but refuses to speak when asked questions. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the child talks at home and that most other adults can understand what the child says, The nurse practitioner will?
A. Ask the parent to consider a possible speech delay and report any concerns.
B. Continue to evaluate the child’s speech at subsequent visits.
C. Refer the child for a speech and hearing evaluation.
D. Tell the parent to spend more time in interactive conversations with the child.
B. Continue to evaluate the child’s speech at subsequent visits.
The parent of a toddler is concerned that the child may have autism. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner completes a Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (MCHAT) tool, which indicates several areas of concerns. What will the nurse practitioner do?
A, Administer a Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
B. Consult a specialist to determine appropriate early intervention strategies.
C. Refer the child to a behavioral specialist for further evaluation.
D. Tell the parent that this result indicates that the child has autism.
C. Refer the child to a behavioral specialist for further evaluation.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the mother of a
3yearold child has been treated for depression for over 5 years. Which aspect of this child’s development will be of the most concern to the nurse practitioner?
A. Fine motor
B. Gross motor
C. Social/emotional
D. Speech and language
D. Speech and language
When meeting with a new family, the primary care pediatric nurse
practitioner develops a database that identifies family members and others living in the household,
relationships with others outside the household, and significant behavioral
and emotional problems. Which tool will the nurse practitioner use to record this information?
A. CRAFFT
B. Ecomap
C. Genogram
D. Pedigree
C. Genogram
A child is in the clinic for evaluation of an asthma action plan. The primary
care pediatric nurse practitioner notes that the child’s last visit was for a
prekindergarten physical and observes that the child is extremely anxious. What will the nurse practitioner do
initially?
A. Ask the child’s parent why the child is so anxious.
B. Perform a physical assessment to rule out shortness of breath.
C. Reassure the child that there is nothing to be afraid of.
D. Review the purpose of this visit and any anticipated procedures.
D. Review the purpose of this visit and any anticipated procedures.
Correct
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating health literacy
in the mother of a new preschool-age child. How will the nurse practitioner assess
A. Ask the child how many books he has at home.
B. Ask the mother about her highest grade in school.
C. Ask the mother to determine the correct dose of a drug from a label.
D. Ask the mother to read a health information handout aloud.
A. Ask the child how many books he has at home.
The mother of a newborn tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner
that she is worried that her child will develop allergies and asthma. Which tool will the nurse practitioner use to evaluate this risk?
A. Three-generation pedigree.
B. Review of systems
C. Genogram
D. Ecomap
A. Three generation pedigree
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well-child
assessment on an adolescent and is concerned about possible alcohol and
tobacco use. Which
assessment tool will the nurse practitioner use?
A. CRAFFT
B. HEEADSSS
C. PHQ2
D. RAAPS
A. CRAFFT
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates a school-age child
whose body mass index (BMI) is greater than the 97th percentile. The nurse
practitioner is concerned about possible metabolic syndrome and orders
laboratory tests to evaluate this. Which diagnosis will the nurse practitioner
document for this visit?
A. Metabolic syndrome
B. Nutritional alteration: more than required
C. Obesity
D. Rule out type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Obesity
A single mother of an infant worries that living in a household with only
one parent will cause her child to be maladjusted. To help address the mother’s
concerns, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will suggest
S. developing consistent daily routines for the child.
T.exposing her child to extended family members when possible.
U. not working outside the home during the first few years.
V.taking her child to regular play date activities with other children.
S. developing consistent daily routines for the child.
During a well-child exam, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner
learns that the parents of a young child fight frequently about finances. The parents
state that they do not fight in front of the child and feel that the situation is
temporary and related to the father’s job layoff. What will the nurse
practitioner do?
R. Reassure them that the child is too young to understand.
S. Recommend that they continue to not argue in front of the child.
T. Suggest counseling to learn ways to handle stress.
U. Tell them that the conflict will resolve when the situation changes.
T. Suggest counseling to learn ways to handle stress.
During a well-child assessment of an 18monthold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes the child becoming irritable and
uncooperative. The
parent tells the child to stop fussing. What will the nurse practitioner do?
S. Allow the parent to put the child in a “timeout.”
T. Ask the parent about usual discipline practices.
U. Offer the child a book or a toy to look at.
V. Stop the exam since the child has reached a “meltdown.”
U. Offer the child a book or a toy to look at.
Which recommendation will a primary care pediatric nurse practitioner
make when parents ask about ways to discipline their 3yearold child who draws on the walls with crayons?
O. Give the child washable markers so the drawings can be removed easily.
P. Provide a roll of paper for drawing and teach the child to use this.
Q. Put the child in “timeout” each time the child draws on the walls.
R. Take the crayons away from the child to prevent the behavior.
P. Provide a roll of paper for drawing and teach the child to use this.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner conducts a well-baby exam on an infant and notes mild gross motor delays but no delays in other areas.
Which initial course of
action will the nurse practitioner recommend?
P. Consult a developmental specialist for a more complete evaluation.
Q. Prepare the parents for a potentially serious developmental disorder.
R. Refer the infant to an early intervention program for physical therapy.
S. Teach the parents to provide exercises to encourage motor
development.
S. Teach the parents to provide exercises to encourage motor
development.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a newborn
infant recently discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit after premature
birth. The parent is upset and expresses worry about whether the infant will be normal. What will the nurse
practitioner do in this situation?
L. Explain to the parent that developmental delays often do not manifest at
first.
M. Perform a developmental assessment and tell the parent which delays are
evident.
N. Point out the tasks that the infant can perform while conducting the assessment.
O. Refer the infant to a developmental specialist for a complete evaluation.
N. Point out the tasks that the infant can perform while conducting
the
assessment.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a developmentally delayed
toddler for an initial visit. The family has just moved to the area and asks the nurse practitioner about community services and resources for their child.
What should the nurse practitioner do initially?
L. Ask the parents if they have an individualized family service plan
(IFSP).
M. Consult with a physician to ensure the child gets appropriate care.
N. Inform the family that services are provided when the child begins
school.
O. Refer the family to a social worker for assistance with referrals and
services.
L. Ask the parents if they have an individualized family service plan
(IFSP).
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner has a cohort of patients who
have special health care needs. Which is an important role of the nurse
practitioner when caring for these children?
N. Care coordination and collaboration
O. Developing protocols for parents to follow
P. Monitoring individual education plans (IEPs)
Q. Providing lists of resources for families
N. Care coordination and collaboration
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination
on a 9montholdinfant and notes two central incisors on the lower gums. The
parent states that the infant nurses, takes solid foods three times daily, and occasionally takes
water from a cup.
What will the pediatric nurse practitioner counsel the parent to promote
optimum dental
health?
I. To begin brushing the infant’s teeth with toothpaste
J. To consider weaning the infant from breastfeeding
K. To discontinue giving fluoride supplements
L. To make an appointment for an initial dental examination.
L. To make an appointment for an initial dental examination
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner enters an exam room and finds
a 2monthold infant in a car seat on the exam table. The infant’s mother is playing a game on her smartphone. The nurse practitioner interprets this behavior as
H. a sign that the mother has postpartum depression.
I. extremely concerning for potential parental neglect.
J. of moderate concern for parenting problems.
K. Within the normal range of behavior in early parenthood.
J. of moderate concern for parenting problems.
A mother brings her 9-month infant in for a routine visit. What milestone would be appropriate for the doctor to ask if the infant is meeting?
- Walking
- Speaking in two-word phrases
- Rolls back to stomach and stomach to back
- All of the above
- Rolls back to stomach and stomach to back
A 5 day old infant comes in for a newborn checkup. On assessment of the newborn, you note that the skin is jaundice in color. The anterior fontanel is slightly sunken. Per mom, the infant has only had 2 diapers today. The infant is strictly breastfed and this is the mom’s first child. She states the baby is having trouble latching on. A bilirubin level is sent and comes back at 18. You identify this newborn to be dehydrated and is most likely to have breast milk jaundice. Which nursing intervention(s) will be
required for this baby?
- Phototherapy
- Providing support and education for the lactating mother
- Strict monitoring of intake and output
- All of the above
- All of the above.
Apgar scores measure heart rate, respiratory rate, reflex irritability, color and : 11. Rigidity 2. Muscle tone 3. Birth weight 4. Capillary refill
- Muscle tone
A mother on the postpartum unit asked to have her infant back from the
nursery so that she can breastfeed. The nurse brings the newborn to the
room and hands the baby to the mother. She asks the mother to let her know
how long the baby feeds. What vital step did the nurse forget to take before
giving the baby to the mother?
1. The nurse should have made sure that the baby was latching correctly
2. The nurse should have identified the baby’s ID band with the mothers
3. The nurse should have the mother speak with a lactation consultant
4. The nurse should have asked the mother how long she planned to feed
- The nurse should have identified the baby’s ID band with the mothers
Excessive heat loss results in which of these?
- RDS
- Depletion of glucose levels
- Jaundice
- Increase in surfactant levels
- Depletion of glucose levels
A mother has just delivered her new baby a few hours ago. She asks the nurse if she can bathe the baby
because he has blood on him. The best response from the nurse would be.
- Sure, let me get you some soap and washcloths
- Why dont you get some rest, there will be lots of time for bathing
- Its important that we not bathe the baby too soon after birth. Lets wait till
later in the day. - Sure, but why don’t you feed the baby.
- It’s important that we not bathe the baby too soon after birth. Lets wait till later in the day.
A 4-week old infant is brought to the ED. Mom states that the baby hasn’t
been eating well and has had decreased diapers for 2 days. The baby has been sleeping more and has been hard to wake up. On assessment, you find that the baby is difficult to arouse, is hypotonic and temperature is 35.4 rectally. What is an important lab value to check? Choose the best answer.
1. Complete metabolic panel
2. Liver panel
3. Blood glucose
4. PTT
- Blood glucose
A pregnant woman with a history of a clotting disorder is required to selfadminister heparin during her
pregnancy. After delivery, the infant will be at greater risk for:
1. Low blood sugar
2. Decrease Vitamin K
3. Increased Vitamin K
4. High blood sugar
- Decrease Vitamin K
A part of injury prevention is making and keeping infant appointments. The required checkups and vaccinations are at:
- 3 months, 6 months, 9 months
- 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 1 year
- 2 months, 4 months, 6 month, 9 months and 1 year
- 2 months, 4 months, 9 months and 1 year
- 2 months, 4 months, 6 month, 9 months and 1 year
You are taking care of an infant who was admitted with dehydration. His
weight is 6kg. You have been watching his I & Os. What would you expect the infant’s urinary output to be
in order to maintain adequate
hydration?
1. 0.52 ml/kg/hr
2. 0.52.5 ml/kg/hr
3. 13 ml/kg/hr
4. As long as he is having wet diapers it doesn’t matte
- 13 ml/kg/hr
A mother brings her newborn daughter to the ER with concerns that she
is having vaginal bleeding. You know this is normal and called what?
1. Pseudomenstruation
2. Milia
3. Vernix caseosa
4. Toxicum
- Pseudomenstruation
While interviewing the mother of an infant, you note that the mother gets
frustrated as she explains that her baby has been up all night crying at least 3 times a week for the last 2 weeks. She states that she has tried everything and feels hopeless. What would be the BEST response from
you as the nurse?
- Believe me, I know. I have a newborn too.
- Have you tried warm milk?
- Its ok to be frustrated and feel overwhelmed.
- You are doing nothing wrong. This can be a common occurrence in infants and you should not feel guilty.
- You are doing nothing wrong. This can be a common occurrence in infants and you should not feel guilty.
The parent of a newborn infant asks the primary care pediatric nurse
practitioner
when to intervene to help the infant’s future intellectual growth. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent?
W. Cognitive learning begins during the toddler years.
X. Intellectual growth begins when speech develops.
Y. Language and literacy skills begin at birth.
Z. Preschool is an optimal time to begin general learning.
Y. Language and literacy skills begin at birth.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well-baby examination
on a 7dayold infant who is nursing well, according to the mother. The nurse
practitioner notes that the infant weighed 3250 grams at birth and 2990 grams
when discharged on the second day of life. The infant weighs 3080 grams at
this visit. Which action is correct?
V. Follow up at the 2month checkup. W. Refer to a lactation consultant. X. Schedule a weight check-in for 1 week. Y. Suggest supplementing with formula.
X. Schedule a weight check-in for 1 week.
During an assessment of a 4weekold infant, the primary care pediatric nurse the practitioner learns that a breastfed infant nurses every 2 hours during the day but is able to sleep for a 4hour the period during the night. The infant has gained 20 grams per day in the interval since last seen in the clinic. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
V. Continuing to nurse the infant using the current pattern.
W. Nursing the infant for longer periods every 4 hours
X. Supplementing with formula at the last nighttime feeding
Y. Waking the infant every 2 hours to nurse during the night
V. Continuing to nurse the infant using the current pattern.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well-baby
examination on a 2 month old infant who has gained 25 grams per day in the last interval. The mother is nursing and tells the nurse practitioner that her infant seems fussy and wants to nurse more often. What will the nurse practitioner tell her?
S. She may not be making as much breastmilk as before.
T. She should keep a log of the frequency and duration of each feeding.
U. The infant may be going through an expected growth spurt.
V. The infant should stay on the previously established nursing schedule
U. The infant may be going through an expected growth spurt.
The mother of a 6weekold breastfeeding infant tells the primary care pediatric
nurse practitioner that her baby, who previously had bowel movements with
each feeding now has a bowel movement once every third day. What will the nurse practitioner tell her?
T. Her baby is probably constipated.
U. It may be related to her dietary intake.
V. She should consume more water.
W. This may be normal for breastfed babies.
W. This may be normal for breastfed babies.
The mother of a 3monthold the child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that it is “so much fun” now that her infant coos and smiles and wants to play. What is important for the nurse practitioner to teach this mother?
A. Appropriate ways to stimulate and entertain the infant
B. How to read the infant’s cues for overstimulation.
C. The importance of scheduling “play dates” with other infants
D. To provide musical toys to engage the infant
B. How to read the infant’s cues for overstimulation.
The parent of a 5monthold is worried because the infant becomes fussy but
doesn’t always seem interested in nursing. What will the nurse practitioner
tell this parent?
P. The infant may be expressing a desire to play or to rest.
Q. The parent should give ibuprofen for teething pain before nursing.
R. This is an indication that the infant is ready for solid foods.
S. This may indicate gastrointestinal discomfort such as constipation.
P. The infant may be expressing a desire to play or to rest.
The mother of a 6monthold infant is distressed because the infant can Say “dada” but not “mama” and asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner why this is when she is the one who spends more time with the infant. How will the nurse practitioner respond?
R. “At this age, your baby does not understand the meaning of
sounds.”
S. “Babies at this age cannot make the ‘ma’ sound.”
T.“Most sounds made by babies at this age are accidental.”
U. “This may mean that your baby doesn’t hear well.”
R. “At this age, your baby does not understand the meaning of sounds.”
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well-child
examination on a 9month old infant whose hearing is normal but who responds to verbal cues with only single-syllable vocalizations. What will the nurse practitioner recommend to the parents to improve speech and language skills in this infant?
L. Provide educational videos that focus on language.
M. Read simple board books to the infant at bedtime.
N. Sing to the child and play lullabies in the baby’s room.
O. Turn the television to Sesame Street during the day.
M. Read simple board books to the infant at bedtime.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 12monthold
Infant who was 6 weeks premature and observes that the infant uses a raking motion to pick up small objects. The PEDS questionnaire completed by the parent did not show significant developmental delays. What will the nurse
practitioner do first?
G. Perform an in-depth developmental assessment.
H. Reassure the parent that this is normal for a premature infant.
I. Refer the infant to a developmental specialist.
J.Suggest activities to improve fine motor skills
G. Perform an in-depth developmental assessment.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 2yearold
with a documented speech delay. Screenings to assess motor skills and cognition
are normal, and the child passed a recent hearing test. What will the pediatric
nurse practitioner do next?
A. Ask the child’s parents whether they read to the child.
B. Give parents educational materials to encourage speech.
C. Refer the child to an early intervention program.
D. Suggest that they purchase age-appropriate
music videos.
A. Ask the child’s parents whether they read to the child.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a developmental assessment on a 32monthold child. The child’s parent reports that about 70% of the child’s speech is intelligible. The pediatric nurse practitioner observes that the child has difficulty pronouncing “t,” “d,” “k,” and “g” sounds. Which
action is correct?
A. Obtain a hearing evaluation.
B. Reassure the parent that this is normal.
C. Refer the child to a speech therapist.
D. Evaluate the child’s cognitive abilities.
B. Reassure the parent that this is normal.
During a well-child assessment of an 18monthold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes the child point to a picture of a dog and say, “Want
puppy!” The nurse practitioner recognizes this as an example of
A. receptive speech.
B. semantic speech.
C. telegraphic speech.
D.holophrastic speech.
C. telegraphic speech.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is offering anticipatory guidance
to the parents of a 12monthold child. The parents are bilingual in Spanish and English and
have many Spanishspeaking relatives nearby. They are resisting exposing the child to Spanish out of concern that the child will not learn English well. What will the
pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parents?
A. Children who learn two languages simultaneously often confuse them in conversation.
B. Children with Multilanguage proficiency do not understand that others
cannot do this.
C. Learning two languages at an early age prevent children from developing
a dominant language.
D. Most bilingual children are able to shift from one language to
another when
appropriate.
D. Most bilingual children are able to shift from one language to
another when
appropriate.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the parents of a
toddler about appropriate discipline. The parents report that the child is very
active and curious, and they are worried about the potential for injury. What will the pediatric nurse
practitioner recommend?
A. Allow the child to explore and experiment while providing appropriate limits.
B. Be present while the child plays to continually teach the child what is appropriate.
C. Let the child experiment at will and to make mistakes in order to learn.
D. Say “no” whenever the child does something that is not acceptable.
A. Allow the child to explore and experiment while providing appropriate limits.
She expresses concern that the child plays with toys but does not interact with the other toddlers. What will the primary care pediatric nurse
practitioner counsel the mother?
U. The child probably is very shy but will outgrow this tendency with repeated
exposure to other children.
V. The toddler may have a language delay that interferes with socialization
with other
children.
W. Toddlers may be interested in other children but usually do not
engage in
interactive play.
X. Toddlers need more structured play to encourage interaction and
socialization with others.
W. Toddlers may be interested in other children but usually do not engage in interactive play.
The parent of a 4yearold points to a picture and says, “That’s your sister.” The child responds by saying, “No! It’s my baby!” This is an example of which type of thinking in preschool-age children? P. Animism Q. Artificialism R. Egocentrism S. Realism
S. Realism
The parent of a 24monthold
child asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner when toilet training should begin. How will the pediatric nurse practitioner
respond?
N. “Begin by reading to your child about toileting.”
O. “Most children are capable by age 2 years.”
P. “Tell me about your child’s daily habits.”
Q. “We should assess your child’s motor skills.”
P. “Tell me about your child’s daily habits.”
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination
on a 9month old infant and notes two central incisors on the lower gums. The parent states that the infant nurses, takes solid foods three times daily, and occasionally takes water from a cup. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner counsel the parent to promote optimum dental health?
D. To begin brushing the infant’s teeth with toothpaste
E. To consider weaning the infant from breastfeeding
F. To discontinue giving fluoride supplements
G. To make an appointment for an initial dental examination.
G. To make an appointment for an initial dental examination
The parents of a 3yearold
child are concerned that the child has begun
refusing usual foods and wants to eat mashed potatoes and chicken strips at every meal and snack. The child’s rate of weight has slowed, but the child remains at the same percentile for weight on a growth chart. What will the
primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parents to do?
D. Allow the child to choose foods for meals to improve caloric intake.
E. Place a variety of nutritious foods on the child’s plate at each
meal.
F. Prepare mashed potatoes and chicken strips for the child at
mealtimes.
G. Suggest cutting out snacks to improve the child’s appetite at mealtimes.
E. Place a variety of nutritious foods on the child’s plate at each meal.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 6yearold
Child who attends first grade. The child reports “hating” school. The parent
states that the child pretends to be sick frequently in order to stay home from school. To
further assess this situation, the nurse practitioner will first ask the child
E. about school performance and grades.
F. why school is so distressing.
G. to name one or two friends.
H. whether bullying is taking place.
G. to name one or two friends.
The parent of a 10yearold
boy tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child doesn’t
appear to have any interest in girls and spends most of his time with a couple of other boys. The parent is worried about the child’s sexual identity. The nurse practitioner will tell the parent
D. children at this age who prefer interactions with same-gender peers
usually have
a homosexual orientation.
E. children experiment with sexuality at this age as a means of deciding
later sexual orientation.
F. this attachment to other same-gender children is how the child
learns to interact with others.
G. to encourage mixed-gender interactions in order to promote the development of sexual values.
F. this attachment to other same-gender children is how the child learns to interact with others.
The parents of a 12yearold child is concerned that some of the child’s older
classmates may be a bad influence on their child, who, they say, has been
raised to believe in right and wrong. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent?
D. Allowing the child to make poor choices and accept consequences is
important for
learning values
E. Children at this age have high regard for authority and social norms, so
this is not
likely to happen
F. Moral values instilled in the early school age
period will persist throughout childhood.
G. The pressure from outside influences may supersede parental teachings and should be confronted.
G. The pressure from outside influences may supersede parental teachings and should be confronted.
During a well child exam of a schoolage child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the child has been having angry episodes at school. The nurse practitioner observes the child to appear withdrawn and sad. Which action is appropriate?
A. Ask the child and the parent about stressors at home.
B. Make a referral to a child behavioral specialist
C. Provide information about anger management
D. Suggest consideration of a different classroom
A. Ask the child and the parent about stressors at home.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is preparing to conduct a
well-child assessment of an 8yearold child. How will the nurse practitioner begin the
exam?
X. Ask the child about school, friends, home activities, and sports.
Y. Discuss the purpose of the visit and explain the procedures that will be
performed
Z. Offer age-appropriate
information about usual developmental tasks
AA. Provide information about healthy nutrition and physical activities
X. Ask the child about school, friends, home activities, and sports.
The parent of a 6yearold
child expresses concern that the child may have ADHD. Which screening tool will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner use to evaluate this possibility?
Q. Behavioral and Emotional Screening System for Children (BESS2)
R. Behavioral Assessment for Children – 2nd ed. (BASC2)
S. Conner’s 3 Parent and Teacher Rating Scale
T. Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC)
S. Conner’s 3 Parent and Teacher Rating Scale
The parent of a 5yearold
child who has just begun kindergarten expresses concern that the child will have difficulty adjusting to the birth of a sibling. What will the primary care
pediatric nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Allowing the child opportunities to discuss feelings about the baby
B. Giving the child-specific baby care tasks to promote sibling bonding
C.Having snack time with the child each day to discuss the school
day.
D. Providing reassurance that the sibling will not replace the child
C.Having snack time with the child each day to discuss the school
day.
A school-age child has begun refusing all cooked vegetables. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend to the parent?
A. Allow the child to make food choices since this is usually a phase
B. Ensure that the child has three nutritious meals and two nutritious snacks each
day.
C. Prepare vegetables separately for the child to encourage adequate
intake
D. Teach the child how important it is to eat healthy fruits and vegetables
B. Ensure that the child has three nutritious meals and two nutritious snacks each
day.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination on a
12yearold child and notes poor hygiene and inappropriate clothes for the
weather. The child’s mother appears clean and well dressed. The child reports getting 6 to 7 hours of sleep each night because of texting with friends late each evening. What action by the nurse practitioner will
help promote healthy practices?
A. Discuss setting clear expectations about self-care with the mother.
B. Give the child information about sleep and self-care
C. Reassure the mother that this “noncompliance”
is temporary
D. Tell the mother that experimenting with self-care behaviors is normal
A. Discuss setting clear expectations about self-care with the mother.
During a well child exam on a 5yearold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner assesses the child for school readiness. Which finding may be a factor in limiting school readiness for this child?
A. Adherence to daily family routines and regular activities
B. Having two older siblings who attend the same school
C. Parental concerns about bullying in the school.
D. The child’s ability to recognize four different colors
C. Parental concerns about bullying in the school.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a school-age
child who complains of frequent stomach pain and headaches. The parent reports that the child misses several days of school each month. The child has a normal exam. Before
proceeding with further diagnostic tests, what will the nurse practitioner
initially ask the parent?
L. About the timing of the symptoms each day and during the week.
M. How well the child performs in school and in extracurricular activities
N. If the parent feels a strong need to protect the child from problems
O. Whether there are any unusual stressors or circumstances at home
L. About the timing of the symptoms each day and during the week.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating recurrent
stomach pain in a school-age child. The child’s exam is normal. The nurse practitioner learns that the child reports pain most evenings after school and refuses to participate in sports but does not have nausea or vomiting. The child’s grandmother recently had gallbladder surgery. Which action is correct?
A. Encourage the child to keep a log of pain, stool patterns, and
dietary intake.
B. Order radiologic studies and laboratory tests to rule out systemic
causes
C. hen symptoms
subside
D. Refer the child to a counselor to discuss anxiety about health problems
A.Encourage the child to keep a log of pain, stool patterns, and dietary intake.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child
assessment on a 13yearold
female whose mother asks when her daughter’s periods may start.
Which information will the nurse practitioner use to help estimate the onset
of periods?
A. The age of the mother’s menarche
B. The patient’s age at thelarche.
C. When adrenarche occurred
D. Whether linear growth has stopped
B. The patient’s age at thelarche.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 15yearold
female who reports having her first period at age 13. She states that she has had five periods in the last year, with the last one 2 months prior. She participates in basketball at school. Which action is correct?
H. Perform biometric screening to determine lean body mass.
I. Prescribe oral contraceptives pills to regulate her periods.
J. Reassure her that this is perfectly normal at her age.
K. Refer her to an endocrinologist for hormonal evaluation.
H. Perform biometric screening to determine lean body mass.
During a well-child assessment of a 13yearold
male, the primary care
pediatric nurse practitioner notes small testicles and pubic and axillary hair.
To further evaluate
these findings, the nurse practitioner will ask the patient about
H. alcohol and tobacco use.
I. changes in voice.
J. increase in height and weight.
K. participation in sports.
K. participation in sports.
The mother of a 16yearold
male was recently divorced after several years of an abusive relationship and tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the adolescent has begun skipping school and hanging out with friends at the local shopping
mall. When she confronts her child, he responds by saying that he hates her. What will the
nurse practitioner tell
this mother?
X. Adolescence is marked by an inability to comprehend complex situations.
Y. Adolescence is typically marked by tempestuous and transient episodes.
Z. Adolescents normally have extreme, disruptive conflicts with their parents.
AA. Adolescents often need counseling to help them cope with life
events.
AA. Adolescents often need counseling to help them cope with life
events.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child
exam on a 12yearold
female who has achieved early sexual maturation. The mother reports that she
spends more time with her older sister’s friends instead of her own classmates. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent?
B. Early maturing girls need to identify with older adolescents to feel a sense of belonging.
C. Girls who join an older group of peers may become sexually
active at an earlier age.
D. Spending time with older adolescents indicates a healthy adjustment to
her maturing body.
E. The association with older adolescents will help her daughter
to gain social maturity
C. Girls who join an older group of peers may become sexually
active at an earlier
age.
The mother of a 15yearold
adolescent female tells the primary care the pediatric nurse practitioner that her daughter has extreme mood swings prior to her periods, which the adolescent vehemently denies. When asked if she notices anything different just before her periods, the adolescent points to her mother and says, “She gets really hard
to live with.” This demonstrates which characteristic of adolescent thinking?
R. Apparent hypocrisy
S. Imaginary audience
T. Overthinking
U. Personal fable
R. Apparent hypocrisy
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an exam on an
adolescent male who asks about sexual identity because of concern that a
friend is worried about being gay. Which response will the nurse practitioner make in this situation?
W. Provide the teen with a questionnaire to gain information about his
sexuality.
X. Remind the adolescent that mandatory reporting requires disclosure to
parents.
Y. Suggest that the adolescent discuss sexual concerns with his parents.
Z. Tell the adolescent that, unless he is at risk, what he says will be
confidential.
Z. Tell the adolescent that, unless he is at risk, what he says will be
confidential.
The parent of a 14yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child skips classes frequently in spite of various
disciplinary measures, such
as grounding and extra homework and is earning Cs and Ds in most classes.
What will the nurse
practitioner recommend?
C. Counseling for emotional problems
D. Development of an Individual Education Plan
E. Evaluation for possible learning disorders.
F. Referral for a behavioral disorder
E. Evaluation for possible learning disorders.
The parent of a 14yearold
child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the adolescent has expressed a desire to be a vegetarian, is refusing all meat served at home, and wants the family to eat vegetarian meals. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent?
U. Do not allow a vegetarian diet in order to maintain appropriate limits for
the adolescent.
V. Provide vegetarian options for the adolescent that preserve adequate
nutrition and protein intake.
W. Suggest that the adolescent prepare appropriate vegetarian
dishes to complement
family meals.
X. Tell the adolescent that a vegetarian diet may be considered in
adulthood but not while living at home.
W. Suggest that the adolescent prepare appropriate vegetarian
dishes to complement
family meals.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well-child
exam on a 17yearold
female whose mother is present during the history. The mother expresses
concern that her daughter wishes to have an eyebrow piercing and states that she is opposed to the idea.
What will the nurse practitioner do?
V. Provide information about piercings and encourage continued
discussion.
W. Remind the adolescent that her mother is responsible for her health.
X. State that piercings are relatively harmless and are an expression of
individuality.
Y. Suggest that she wait until she is 18 years old and can make her own
decisions.
V. Provide information about piercings and encourage continued discussion.
The parent of a 16yearold
tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner
that the teen was recently caught smoking an electronic cigarette
(cigarette). What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent?
P. Ecigarette use may be a risk factor for later substance abuse.
Q. Experimentation with e-cigarettes does not lead to future tobacco use.
R. Most teens who experiment with tobacco usually do not become addicted.
S. This form of nicotine ingestion is safer than regular cigarettes.
P. Ecigarette use may be a risk factor for later substance abuse.
The parent of an adolescent report noting cutting marks on the teen’s arms
and asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner what it means. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent?
J. Cutting is a way of dealing with emotional distress.
K. It is a method of fitting in with other adolescents.
L. The behavior is common and will usually stop.
H. This type of behavior is a type of suicide attempt.
J. Cutting is a way of dealing with emotional distress.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a focused
problem assessment on a child who has asthma and learns that one of the child’s
parents smokes around the child in spite of being advised against this. The nurse practitioner recognizes this as a possible
alteration in which functional health pattern?
A. Cognitiveperceptual
B. Health perception
C. Role relationship
D. Valuesbeliefs
B. Health perception
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner examines an infant whose weight is
below the 3rd percentile and whose mother does not comply with the feeding
regimen. When attempting to enlist the help of the infant’s grandmother, the
grandmother says, “My daughter was like this when she was a baby and she
turned out all right.” Which approach will the nurse practitioner take to
improve the outcome for this infant?
L. Ask the grandmother about her daughter’s health during childhood.
M. Explain that the condition is potentially serious if not treated.
N. Give the grandmother and mother information about normal growth.
O. Refer the family to a social worker to investigate possible neglect.
L. Ask the grandmother about her daughter’s health during childhood.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner provides patient teaching for
children newly diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). At which stage of development will
children be able to understand the link between stress and the symptoms of
the disease
A. Concrete operational stage
B. Formal operational stage
C. Pre-conceptual stage
D. Sensorimotor stage
B. Formal operational stage
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling an obese
adolescent whose parents both have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which health behavior prediction model is useful when the nurse practitioner discusses lifestyle changes with this client?
A. Behavioral change model
B. Health belief model
C. Health promotion model
D. Transtheoretical model
B. Health belief model
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling a school-age
child about asthma management strategies. The child states that it is “too much trouble” to remember to use an inhaled corticosteroid medication twice daily and reports feeling fine, in spite of exhibiting expiratory wheezes. Which action uses the health belief and self-efficacy model to teach this child about asthma management?
F. Asking the child to try to use the inhaler at least once daily
G. Discussing whether the child wants to participate in athletics
H. Obtaining pre and posttreatment spirometry testing
I. Providing written information about inhaled corticosteroids
H. Obtaining pre and post-treatment spirometry testing.
An adolescent who is overweight expresses a desire to lose weight in order
to participate in sports but tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner
that he doesn’t want to
give up sweets and soft drinks because he enjoys them too much. Which
stage of change does
this represent?
A. Action
B. Contemplation
V. Precontemplation
W. Preparation
B. Contemplation
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 17-year-old client who quit
smoking almost a year prior but who reports having renewed cravings when
around friends who smoke. Using knowledge of the maintenance stage of change, the primary
care pediatric nurse
practitioner will
A. go over with the adolescent about the health risks associated with
smoking.
B. recommend avoiding friends who smoke and making new friends.
C. remind the adolescent about the struggles associated with quitting
smoking.
D. suggest that the teen consider taking up a sport or other
physical activity.
D. suggest that the teen consider taking up a sport or other physical activity.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is working with a 12yearold female
who has poor diabetes control. The child tells the nurse practitioner that the
parent forgets to remind her to check her blood sugars. Which action is correct?
E. Assess the parent’s knowledge about diabetes management.
F. Help the child develop a strategy to remember without parental
prompts.
G. Refer to a social worker to help the family overcome obstacles to care.
H. Remind the child’s parent about the importance of good diabetes
control.
F. Help the child develop a strategy to remember without parental prompts.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling an obese
16yearold client about weight management. The adolescent says, “I know I need to lose weight, but I don’t want to give up all my favorite foods.” When using motivational interviewing
techniques, how will the nurse practitioner respond?
A. “Do you think there are any foods you could limit or do without
for a while?”
B. “I hear you telling me that you really don’t have a desire to lose weight.”
C. “If you can’t give up these foods, you won’t see the benefits of weight
loss.”
D. “In the long run, the sacrifices you make today will improve your
health.”
A. “Do you think there are any foods you could limit or do without for a while?”
The parent of a newborn has quit smoking cigarettes within the past month and
reports feeling fidgety. Using a “reframing” technique, how will the primary care pediatric
nurse practitioner respond?
A. Explore ways that the parent can use this extra energy to do things for the
baby.
B. Remind the parent that this is a normal, temporary part of nicotine
withdrawal.
C. Suggest that the parent take up exercise to enjoy the benefits of not
smoking.
D. Tell the parent that, over time, these symptoms of withdrawal will subside.
A. Explore ways that the parent can use this extra energy to do things for the
baby.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is assessing the health
literacy of the parent of a toddler. Which tool will the nurse practitioner use to estimate reading level?
A. Flesch-Kincaid
Readability Test
B. Gunning Fog Index
C. Number of children’s books in the home
D. SMOG
D. SMOG
The pediatric nurse practitioner provides primary care for a special
needs infant whose parent takes an active role in the infant’s care. The parent has a high school diploma and
asks many questions about her infant’s treatments. Which approach will the
nurse practitioner take
to ensure health literacy for this parent?
M. Ask the parent to read back all information given.
N. Encourage the parent to ask questions when confused.
O. Provide written materials presented at an 8th-grade level.
P.Reinforce written information with verbal instructions.
M. Ask the parent to read back all information given.
A child who has attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has difficulty stopping activities to begin other activities at school. The primary care
pediatric nurse practitioner understands that this is due to difficulty with the self-regulation component of
M. emotional control.
N. flexibility.
O. inhibition.
P. problem-solving.
N. flexibility.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner cares for a preschool-age child
who was exposed to drugs prenatally. The child bites other children and has
tantrums when asked to stop but is able to state later why this behavior is
wrong. This child most likely has a disorder of
P. executive function.
Q. information processing.
R. sensory processing.
S. social cognition.
P. executive function
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner uses the
Neurodevelopmental
Learning Framework to assess cognition and learning in an adolescent. When
evaluating social cognition, the nurse practitioner will ask the adolescent
N. about friends and activities at school.
O. if balancing sports and homework is difficult.
P. to interpret material from a pie chart.
Q. to restate the content of something just read.
N. about friends and activities at school.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a school-age
child who has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which plan will the nurse practitioner recommend asking the child’s school about to help with academic performance?
A. 504
B. FAPE
C. IDEA
D. IEP
A. 504
The parent of a child diagnosed with ADHD tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child gets overwhelmed by homework assignments, doesn’t seem to know which ones to do first, and then doesn’t do any assignments. The nurse practitioner tells the parent that this represents impairment in which executive function?
e. Activation
f. Effort
g. Emotion
h. Focus
e. Activation
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is considering medication options for a schoolage child recently diagnosed with ADHD who has a primarily hyperactive presentation. Which medication will the nurse practitioner select initially?
a. Lowdose stimulant
b. Moderate dose stimulant
c. Low-dose non stimulant
d. Moderate dose non-stimulant
b. Moderate dose stimulant
The parent of a 4yearold child reports that the child gets upset when the hall light is left on at night and won’t leave the house unless both shoes are tied equally tight. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recognizes that this child likely has which type of sensory processing disorder?
a. Dyspraxia
b. Over-responder
c. Sensory seeker
d. Underresponder
b. Over-responder
The parent of a preschool-age child who is diagnosed with a sensory processing disorder (SPD) asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner how to help the child manage the symptoms. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
a. Establishing a reward system for acceptable behaviors
b. Introducing the child to a variety of new experiences
c. Maintaining predictable routines as much as possible
d. Providing frequent contacts, such as hugs and cuddling
c. Maintaining predictable routines as much as possible
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an examination on a 5yearold child who exhibits ritualistic behaviors, avoids contact with other children, and has limited speech. The parent reports having had concerns more than 2 years ago about autism but was told that it was too early to diagnose. What will the nurse practitioner do first?
a. Administer an MCHAT screen to screen the child for communication and
socialization delays.
b. Ask the parent to describe the child’s earlier behaviors from infancy through preschool.
c. Reassure the parent that if symptoms weren’t present earlier, the likelihood of autism is low.
d. Refer the child to a pediatric behavioral specialist to develop a plan of treatment and management.
b. Ask the parent to describe the child’s earlier behaviors from infancy through preschool.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 3yearold child who speaks loudly, in a monotone, does not make eye contact, and prefers to sit on the exam room floor moving a toy truck back and forth in a repetitive manner. Which disorder does the nurse practitioner suspect?
a. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. Autism spectrum disorder
c. Executive function disorder
d. Sensory processing disorder
b. Autism spectrum disorder
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is selecting a medication for a 12yearold child who is newly diagnosed with ADHD. The child is overweight, has a history of an atrial septal defect at birth, and reports mild shortness of breath during exercise. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe?
a. A low-dose stimulant medication
b. A non-stimulant medication
c. Behavioral therapy only
d. Cardiovascular prescreening
d. Cardiovascular prescreening
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is conducting a followup examination on a child who has recently begun taking a lowdose stimulant medication to treat ADHD. The child’s school performance and home behaviors have improved. The child’s parent reports noticing a few tics, such a twitching of the eyelids, but the child is unaware of them and isn’t bothered by them. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
a. Adding an alphaagonist medication
b. Changing to a non-stimulant medication
c. Continuing the medication as prescribed
d. Stopping the medication immediately
c. Continuing the medication as prescribed
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner provides anticipatory guidance for a 6-month-old infant who is breastfed who takes 400 IU of vitamin D daily. The parent reports that the infant has begun taking cereals, fruits, and vegetables in addition to nursing. What will the nurse practitioner recommend to promote healthy nutrition?
A. Begin supplementing with iron.
B. Continue to nurse as long as desired.
C. Discontinue the vitamin D supplement.
D. Stop breastfeeding at 1 year of age.
B. Continue to nurse as long as desired.
The parent of a toddler tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the family has adopted a plant-based diet and the child is receiving rice and almond milk instead of cow’s milk. The nurse practitioner will counsel the parents about
A. calcium deficiency.
B. excess caloric intake.
C. excess fat intake.
D. protein deficiency.
D. protein deficiency.
The parent of a 12monthold infant asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner why 2% cow’s milk is recommended instead of whole milk. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent?
A. Whole milk is usually not fortified with vitamin D.
B. 2% milk is higher in essential proteins and minerals.
C. Young children don’t need the extra calories found in whole milk.
D. Younger children need a limited amount of fats.
D. Younger children need a limited amount of fats.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 3yearold child whose parents report is a picky eater in spite of their continued efforts to provide nutritious meals. The parents ask whether a multivitamin is necessary. How will the nurse practitioner respond?
A. Ask the parents to provide a 3day food diary.
B. Prescribe a daily multivitamin with iron.
C. Reinforce the need to meet DRIs each day.
D. Tell them that supplements are unnecessary
A. Ask the parents to provide a 3day food diary.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a toddler who is below the 3rd percentile for weight even though the parents claim that the child eats “constantly.” What will the nurse practitioner do initially?
A. Evaluate the child’s feeding and elimination behaviors and ask the family to describe mealtime routines.
B. Recommend giving a multivitamin and offering high calorie foods, such as ice cream.
C. Refer the child to a feeding evaluation clinic for a swallow study and evaluation of possible GERD.
D. Suggest that the parents supplement the child’s food intake with a high calorie formula.
A. Evaluate the child’s feeding and elimination behaviors and ask the family to describe mealtime routines.
The mother of a 6yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child only wants to eat French fries and hamburgers and refuses most vegetables. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Giving the child a multivitamin since this is a phase
B. Having the child eat vegetables before getting the hamburger
C. Providing a variety of healthy foods at each meal
D. Putting extra lettuce and tomatoes on hamburgers
C. Providing a variety of healthy foods at each meal
The parents of a toddler tell the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that they get frustrated trying to get the child to eat any vegetables other than squash and carrots. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Continue to offer a variety of foods without forcing the child to eat them.
B. Offer snacks to make up for calories the child misses by not eating the vegetables.
C. Prepare dishes the child likes to ensure that a vegetable is eaten at each meal.
D. Require the child to take 1 to 2 bites of each food at each meal.
A. Continue to offer a variety of foods without forcing the child to eat them.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a breastfed 6month old infant who asks about “baby-led weaning.” What will the nurse practitioner tell her about this practice?
A. “Foods given for this purpose do not meet all the child’s nutritional needs.”
B. “Giving infants control of the feeding process will help prevent obesity.”
C. “Infants are given soft, mashable table foods when able to selffeed.”
D. “Infants must be able to grasp and feed themselves from a spoon to do this.”
C. “Infants are given soft, mashable table foods when able to self-feed.”
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 15yearold girl who consumes a vegan diet. Based on this assessment, which nutrients may this adolescent need to supplement?
A. Calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin A
B. Iron, folic acid, and B12
C. Magnesium, vitamin E, and zinc
D. Vitamin D, vitamin C, and phosphorus
B. Iron, folic acid, and B12.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a school-age child who, after removal of a pituitary tumor, has altered hypothalamic control over hunger and satiety. The child is morbidly obese and expresses feeling depressed because of the obesity. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Developing a system to reward compliance with a dietary regimen
B. Restricting all access to food in the house and at school
C. Suggesting an afterschool exercise program to help with weight loss
D. Using a food diary to track all calories and food intake
B. Restricting all access to food in the house and at school
When counseling an adolescent with a family history of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will recommend avoiding
A. baked potato chips.
B. canned vegetables.
C. highfiber cereals.
D. processed breads.
D. processed breads.
The parent of a school-age child reports that the child is on a gluten-free diet. When questioned about the reason for this diet, the parent states that the child has had fewer stomach aches since beginning the diet but has never been diagnosed with celiac disease. The parent reports using gluten free grain products for all family members. The nurse practitioner will tell this parent that gluten free diets
A. are generally low in sugar and fat.
B. are healthy and help prevent obesity.
C. may be deficient in essential nutrients.
D. provide adequate protein to meet daily needs.
C. may be deficient in essential nutrients.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well-child assessment on a 6monthold infant whose mother reports having less breast milk because of stressors associated with pumping and returning to work. The nurse practitioner will provide resources to promote pumping and
a. discuss adding other foods to the baby’s diet.
b. encourage the mother to increase her fluid intake.
c. prescribe a multivitamin containing iron.
d. suggest offering only breast milk to the infant.
a. discuss adding other foods to the baby’s diet.
The mother of a newborn asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner about the benefits of breastfeeding. What will the nurse practitioner tell her?
a. Breastfeeding for 9 months or longer will reduce the incidence of food allergies.
b. Breast milk is an excellent source of vitamin D, iron, and other essential nutrients for the baby.
c. Nursing her baby exclusively for at least 4 months will help her infant to resist infections.
d. There is a decreased risk of atopic dermatitis in babies who nurse for 12 months or longer.
c. Nursing her baby exclusively for at least 4 months will help her infant to resist infections.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the mother of a newborn infant is being tested for tuberculosis after a positive TB skin test. What will the nurse practitioner tell the mother who states a desire to breastfeed her baby?
a. Breast milk is contraindicated if the mother has tuberculosis.
b. She may continue to nurse her baby since the risk of transmission is low.
c. That she can express breast milk and feed that to her infant
d. To give formula until results of tuberculosis testing are known
c. That she can express breast milk and feed that to her infant
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 3dayold nursing infant whose newborn metabolic screen is positive for galactosemia. The nurse practitioner refers the newborn to a specialist for immediate evaluation and will tell the mother
a. to continue to breastfeed her infant.
b. to give the infant a cow’s milk formula.
c. to supplement breast milk with formula.
d. to stop breastfeeding immediately.
d. to stop breastfeeding immediately.
The mother of a nursing infant expresses concern about whether highcholesterol foods will increase her infant’s risk of hyperlipidemia. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell her?
a. Breastfed infants have lower serum cholesterol levels than those who are not breastfed.
b. Maternal cholesterol levels affect the cardiovascular risk of breastfed babies.
c. Maternal dietary cholesterol intake does not affect the infant’s serum cholesterol values.
d. She should limit her dietary cholesterol to prevent hyperlipidemia in her infant.
c. Maternal dietary cholesterol intake does not affect the infant’s serum cholesterol values.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the mother of a newborn about breastfeeding her infant. Which supplements will the nurse practitioner recommend?
a. Fatsoluble vitamins
b. Iron
c. Multivitamins with iron
d. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin D
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a newborn who is breastfeeding and notes the presence of an ankyloglossia. What will the nurse practitioner do next?
a. Ask the mother if the infant has any feeding difficulties.
b. Refer the infant for a possible frenulectomy.
c. Schedule an appointment with a lactation consultant.
d. Suggest that the mother feed breast milk by bottle.
a. Ask the mother if the infant has any feeding difficulties.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs an initial well-baby exam on a 1weekold infant who is breastfeeding and who is at birth weight. The mother tells the nurse practitioner that her baby is already sleeping 5 or 6 hours at night. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
a. Consultation with a lactation specialist to assess intake
b. Pumping her breast during the night to maintain milk supply
c. Supplementing the last feeding of the day with formula
d. Waking the infant up at least every 3 hours to nurse
d. Waking the infant up at least every 3 hours to nurse
The mother of a newborn infant asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner about pumping her breasts when she returns to work in 2 months. What will the nurse practitioner include in teaching this mother?
a. Frozen breast milk may be stored up to 3 months in a 0° F freezer.
b. Once she begins pumping the infant should drink only pumped breast milk.
c. Pumped breast milk must be discarded after 3 days when stored in the refrigerator.
d. Unused defrosted breast milk may be stored in the refrigerator for 48 hours.
a. Frozen breast milk may be stored up to 3 months in a 0° F freezer.
The mother of a 2monthold infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she is afraid her breast milk is “drying up” because her baby never seems satisfied and wants to nurse all the time. Which action is correct?
a. Recommend pumping her breasts after feedings.
b. Refer the mother to a lactation consultant.
c. Suggest supplementation with formula.
d. Weigh the infant to assess for a growth spurt.
d. Weigh the infant to assess for a growth spurt.
The mother of a 15monthold infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she wishes to continue nursing her child for another year, if possible. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
a. Breastfeed only at bedtime to establish meal patterns.
b. Clean the toddler’s teeth each time after breastfeeding.
c. Offer the breast just prior to meals to maintain milk supply.
d. The toddler should continue to be breastfed “on demand.”
b. Clean the toddler’s teeth each time after breastfeeding.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an assessment on a 1weekold newborn with slightly elevated bilirubin who is breastfeeding well and who has gained 30 grams in the past 24 hours. The infant is stooling and voiding well. The nurse practitioner suspects breast milk jaundice. Which action is correct?
a. Order home phototherapy and closely monitor bilirubin levels.
b. Reassure the mother that the bilirubin level will drop in a few days.
c. Recheck the serum bilirubin and infant’s weight in 24 hours.
d. Recommend that the mother pump her breast milk for a couple of days.
c. Recheck the serum bilirubin and infant’s weight in 24 hours.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 4monthold infant who is nursing exclusively. The mother reports that the infant has had a marked decrease in the number of stools each day, from 3 to 5 stools each day to only one stool every other day. How will the nurse practitioner respond?
a. Ask the mother to describe the color and consistency of the stools.
b. Explain to the mother that breastfed infants should have daily stools.
c. Recommend using a glycerin suppository as needed.
d. Suggest to the mother that she increase her intake of fluids.
a. Ask the mother to describe the color and consistency of the stools.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well-child exam on a 12monthold infant. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the infant has predictable bowel and bladder habits and asks about toilet training. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent?
a. It is too early to begin introducing the child to the toilet, and the parent should wait until the child is at least 2 years old.
b. Placing the child on a “potty” chair helps the child associate elimination cues with the toilet.
c. Predictability of elimination patterns indicates readiness for toilet training, and the parent can begin this process.
d. The parent should wait until other signs of toilet training readiness occur before introducing the child to the toilet.
b. Placing the child on a “potty” chair helps the child associate elimination cues with the toilet.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 24monthold child. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the child is being toilet trained and expresses frustration that on some days the child uses the toilet every time and on other days not at all. What will the nurse practitioner do?
a. Advise the parent to make the child get clean clothes after an accident.
b. Ask the parent about the child’s toilet habits and understanding of toilet training.
c. Recommend using an awards system to encourage toilet use.
d. Suggest that the parent place the child on the toilet at predictable intervals
b. Ask the parent about the child’s toilet habits and understanding of toilet training
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is discussing toileting issues with the parent of a 3yearold toddler who reports that the child has been toilet trained for several months but has recently been refusing to have bowel movements and is becoming constipated. What will the nurse practitioner do?
a. Ask the parent about bathroom facilities in the child’s daycare.
b. Refer the child to a gastroenterologist for evaluation of pathology.
c. Suggest putting the child in diapers and resuming toilet training in a few weeks.
d. Tell the parent that this represents a developmental delay.
a. Ask the parent about bathroom facilities in the child’s day care.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 5yearold child who has frequent soiling of stool associated with stomach aches and decreased appetite for the past 2 months. The parent states that the child has two or fewer formed bowel movements each week and has been toilet trained for about 2 years. Which initial assessment will the nurse practitioner make?
a. History of neurogenic conditions
b. Recent adjustments in the family
c. Recent illnesses, fluid intake, changes in diet
d. Toilet training history
c. Recent illnesses, fluid intake, changes in diet
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is managing a 6yearold child who has chronic constipation and encopresis. The nurse practitioner has ruled out neurogenic etiology. The parents report that the child was difficult to toilet train as a toddler. What is key to managing this child’s condition
a. Encouraging use of maintenance medications for at least 2 months after resolution of constipation
b. Referral to a mental health consultant to manage problems in the parent-child dyad
c. Spending time with the parents to uncover their feelings about their child’s condition
d. Teaching the parents that the symptom of stool retention is often voluntary for the child
a. Encouraging use of maintenance medications for at least 2 months after resolution of constipation