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PSYC 111 > Research Methods (P2) > Flashcards

Research Methods (P2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Statistical significance (p-value)?

A

Likelihood that the result we found occurred due to chance

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2
Q

How would you show Statistically significant results as a p-value?

A

p < .05

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3
Q

How would you show Non-significance results as a p-value?

A

p > .05

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4
Q

What is Internal Validity?

A

Did the experiment measure what it set out to do?

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5
Q

What is External Validity?

A

Can the findings be generalized to other situations outside the experimental situation?

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6
Q

What is a ‘Population’?

A

Complete collection of participants who might be measured

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7
Q

What is a ‘Sample’?

A

Partial collection of people drawn from a population

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8
Q

What is a ‘Case Method’?

A

Method of gathering scientific knowledge by studying a single individual

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9
Q

What is a ‘Random Sampling’?

A
  • Technique for choosing participants

- Every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

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10
Q

What is ‘Nonrandom Sampling’?

A

Used when:

  • Similarity between a sample and the population doesn’t matter
  • Direct replication is available
  • Similarity between the two is a reasonable starting assumption
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11
Q

What is ‘Random Assignment’?

A

Procedure that lets chance assign participants to the experimental or control group

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12
Q

What is ‘Self-selection’?

A

Problem that occurs when anything about a participant determines whether they will be included in the experimental or control group

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13
Q

What is ‘Experimental Research’?

A

Reveals whether changes on the independent variable lead to changes on the dependent variable

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14
Q

What are the 2 key features of a True Experiment?

A
  1. Manipulation of IV

2. Random assignment to conditions

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15
Q

What is an Experimental Group?

A

Group that gets the manipulation

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16
Q

What is a Control Group?

A

Group that doesn’t get the manipulation/treatment

17
Q

What is Replication?

A

An experiment that uses the same procedures as a previous experiment but with a new sample from the same population

18
Q

What is a Type I error?

A

Error that occurs when researchers conclude that there is a causal relationship between two variables when in fact there is not

19
Q

What is a Type II error?

A

Error that occurs when researchers conclude that there is not a causal relationship between two variables when in fact there is

20
Q

What is the cons of experimental methods

A

Placebo Effect: Response to the manipulation is due to expectations not the manipulation

21
Q

What are the advantages of Correlation Research?

A

Can capture real world phenomena, Fewer ethical issues

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of Correlation Research?

A

Cause and effect ambiguous, sometimes misleading

PSYC 111 (7 decks)

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