Electromagnetic Radiation, Atoms, Spectra, and the Doppler Effect

Question 1

Describe what causes lunar and solar eclipses

Answer 1

The placement of the Sun, Earth, and Moon

Question 2

Differentiate between a total and partial solar eclipse

Answer 2

One is in the umbra and the other is in the penumbra areas of the shadow

Question 3

Explain why lunar eclipses are much more common than solar eclipses

Answer 3

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Question 4

Describe the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed of light

Answer 4

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Question 5

Understand the bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and how they differ from one another

Answer 5

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Question 6

Understand how each part of the spectrum interacts with Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 6

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Question 7

Explain how and why the light emitted by an object depends on its temperature

Answer 7

The closer to red it is the cooler it is, the closer to blue it is the hotter it is

Question 8

Describe the properties of light

Answer 8

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Question 9

Explain how astronomers learn the composition of a gas by examining its spectral lines

Answer 9

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Question 10

Discuss the various types of spectra

Answer 10

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Question 11

Describe the structure of atoms and the components of nuclei

Answer 11

Structure: protons, neutrons, electrons
Nuclei: protons and neutrons

Question 12

Explain the behavior of electrons within atoms and how electrons interact with light to move among energy levels

Answer 12

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Question 13

Explain how emission line spectra and absorption line spectra are formed

Answer 13

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Question 14

Describe what ions are and how they are formed

Answer 14

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Question 15

Explain how spectral lines and ionization levels in a gas can help us determine its temperature

Answer 15

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Question 16

Explain the Doppler effect, how it’s used in both astronomy and day-to-day life, and give some examples

Answer 16

An example in which I heard the Doppler effect with sound would be when I am hearing a police car, firetruck, or ambulance drive by. The sound of the alarm is weak when it’s far away, but it gets louder as it gets closer to you. The Doppler effect could be useful, especially in situations where you need to be warned of danger or have a sense of urgency.