Gastrointestinal system 1

Question 1

What is the primary function of the GI system

Answer 1

Bring nutrients into the internal environment

Question 2

Where is stratified squamous in the GI tract

Answer 2

Mouth/oral cavity

Esophagus

Question 3

Where is simple columnar in the GI tract

Answer 3

Stomach

Small and large intestine

Question 4

Where is stratified squamous in the GI tract

Answer 4

Anal canal

Question 5

Describe goblet cells (unicellular glands)

Answer 5

In columnar epithelium
Goblet shape
Apical mucous granules
Basal nucleus

Question 6

What are the types of multicellular glands

Answer 6

When epithelium invaginates to form glands
Simple: Single duct
Compound: 2 or more ducts

Question 7

What are the four layers of the gut tube

Answer 7

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

Question 8

Describe what the mucosa consists of

Answer 8

Epithelium
Lamina propria (FCT)
Muscularis Mucosa
(sometimes glands)

Question 9

Describe the submucosa

Answer 9

Contains glands and blood vessels - connective tissue

Secretion regulated by submucosal nerve plexus (enteric nervous system)

Question 10

Describe the muscularis

Answer 10

Consists of smooth muscle
Inner circular - controls diameter
Outer longitudinal - shortens tube

Question 11

What is the myenteric plexus

Answer 11

Part of ENS
In between muscle layer
Regulates motility

Question 12

Describe the adventitia

Answer 12

Outermost layer. FCT

Question 13

Describe the peritoneum

Answer 13

Serous membrane 
Parietal layer - Lines body wall
Visceral layer - Lines organs 
Fluid between layers 
(retroperitoneal)

Question 14

What is the mesentery

Answer 14

Double layer of visceral peritoneum - connects organ to body wall

Question 15

Describe the Omenta

Answer 15

Double layer of visceral peritoneum - connects organ to another organ

Question 16

What happens in the mouth and oral cavity

Answer 16

Digestion begins - enzymes

Lubrication

Question 17

What are the 3 salivary glands

Answer 17

Parotid - Serous fluid with amylase
Sublingual - Mucous
Submandibular - mix
1L per day

Question 18

What is an acinus

Answer 18

Cells in cluster

Question 19

What do acinar cells secrete

Answer 19

Enzymes (amylase)

Question 20

What do duct cells secrete

Answer 20

Bicarbonate (buffering)

Question 21

Where is the esophagus located

Answer 21

Posterior to trachea - extends from pharynx to stomach

Question 22

What does the epiglottis do

Answer 22

Stops food from entering the trachea

Question 23

How is the esophagus modified

Answer 23

Highly folded submucosa and mucosa - expand

Question 24

How does the esophagus change as it goes down

Answer 24

First 1/3 - skeletal muscle
Middle 1/3 - mixture
Last 1/3 - Smooth muscle

Question 25

How does the esophagus produce mucous

Answer 25

Glands with ducts to surface

no goblet cells