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Assessment 312 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

When do you use old carts?

A

Subjective data from patient

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2
Q

Examples of subjective neuro data from patient

A

-headache, syncope, head injury, dizziness/vertigo, seizures, tremors, weakness, coordination, numbness/tingling, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, significant past history, enviro/job hazard

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3
Q

vertigo vs dizziness

A 
vertigo = things spinning around you
dizziness= you feel like you are spinning
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4
Q

ataxia

A

muscular dis-coordination manifested with attempted voluntary movements

  • can be attributed to:
    • external causes like alcoholism
    • internal causes like cerebellar disease
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5
Q

decerebrate posturing

A
  • more serious, less likely to see someone come out of this
  • lost cerebral control
  • arms = stiff , extended
  • forearms = pronated
  • hands = turned out out/down
  • hyperreflexive
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6
Q

decorticate posturing

A
  • lesion at or above the upper brainstem
  • arms = flexed in on chest
  • hands = fists clenched
  • legs= extended and inverted
  • *to CORE
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7
Q

3 kinds of memory

A

-immediate, recent, and remote

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8
Q

immediate memory

A

remembers events or information from a few minutes before

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9
Q

recent memory

A

remembers events or information from earlier in the day

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10
Q

remote memory

A

remembers events or information from months or years ago

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11
Q

which kind of memory do you usually lose last?

A

remote memory

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12
Q

paresis

A
  • partial or incomplete paralysis
  • reduced ability
  • can be reversed or not- usually caused by injury
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13
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal or unpleasant sensation that results from injury to one or more nerves
-burning/ tingling

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14
Q

proprioreception

A

awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium

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15
Q

clonus

A

alternate involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid successive

  • jerky looking
  • progressive deterioration
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16
Q

what does neuro assessment tell us?

A

brain/spinal cord/nervous system issues

-conditions directly or indirectly related to nervous system

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17
Q

tools needed to collective objective data for neuro assessment

A

penlight, tongue blade or something else sharp for pain assessment, cotton swab, tuning fork (or something else for temp sensitivity), percussion hammer (reflexes), aromatic substance possibly

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18
Q

LOC x4

A

level of consciousness

-person, place, time, situation

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19
Q

4 things to assess cerebral fxn

A
  1. LOC
  2. Orientation
  3. Verbal responsiveness
  4. Mental Status exam
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20
Q

5 levels of consciousness

A
  1. fully
  2. lethargy
  3. obtunded
  4. stupor
  5. Coma
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21
Q

Fully conscious

A

patient is alert, attentive, follows commands

  • responses promptly to external stimulation
  • once awake, remains awake and attentive
22
Q

lethargy

A
  • patient is drowsy but slightly awakens w/o painful stimulation
  • answers questions and follows commands slowly and inattentively
  • sluggish
23
Q

obtunded

A
  • difficult to rouse
  • needs constant stimulation in order to follow a simple command
  • limited verbal response
  • fall back asleep b/w stimulation
  • confused when awake
24
Q

stupor

A
  • arouses to vigorous and continuous stimulation (painful)
  • moan briefly
  • does NOT follow commands
  • only response is to withdraw from painful stimulus
25
Q

comatose

A

does not respond to continuous or painful stimuli
does not move except reflexively
no verbal sounds

26
Q

4 things to consider with mental status exam

A
  • appearance
  • behavior
  • cognition
  • though processes
27
Q

deep tendons

A

triceps, biceps, brachioradialis, patellar, achilles

28
Q

superficial tendons, when assess?

A

plantar reflex and brain stem

-comatose patients

29
Q

dolls reflex

A

turn head side to side and eyes do not move to the opposite side (eyes stay on same side)

30
Q

oculovestibular reflex

A

when put ice water in ear, eyes turn toward ear if intact

31
Q

Reflex response grading

A

0-4+

32
Q

0 reflex response

A

no resposce

33
Q

1+ reflex response

A

diminished, low normal, or occurs only with reinforcement

34
Q

2+ reflex response

A

average

35
Q

3+ reflex response

A

brisker than average, may indicate disease, possibly normal

36
Q

4+ reflex response

A

very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, always abnormal

37
Q

Plantar reflex

A

normal response when sharp stimulus on foot is for toes to curl in

38
Q

babinski’s sign

A

babinski positive = toes hyperextend instead of curling in

39
Q

what age group is normal for positive babinski sign?

A

up to age 2

40
Q

4 things to assess when looking at motor and cerebrellar fxn

A

muscle:

size, strength, tone, involuntary movement

41
Q

drift or pronation test

A
  • hold arms in front with palms facing ceiling

- if observe pronation or arm drifts downward = limb weakness

42
Q

Cerebellar fxn tests

A
  1. balance test
  2. gait
  3. Coordination and skilled movements (rapid alternative movement, finger to nose, heel to toe or shin)
43
Q

Romberg Test

A

feet together, arms at sise, close eyes

positive = loss of balance- sways, falls, widens, stance to avoid falling

44
Q

Positive romberg is a sign of….

A
  • neurological deficit

- alcohol intoxication

45
Q

Spinothalmic tract , what order lose?

A
  • pain, temp, light touch

- in that order (if can feel pain can usually feel temp and touch)

46
Q

stereogenesis

A

ability to recognize forms by touch

47
Q

graphesthesia

A

ability to recognize letters, words, numbers, outlines when drawn/traced on skin

48
Q

what exam do you do for diabetic feet?

A

monofilament exam

49
Q

provides easily reproducible and somewhat predictive neurological exam checking for baseline neurological status and tracking changes over time

A

glasgow coma scale

50
Q

3 scored categories in glasgow coma scale and what it means

A

-eye opening (4 max)
-verbal response (5 max)
best motor response (6 max)
higher the number the better the score (15 best score)
<8 indicates coma

Assessment 312 (7 decks)

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