Adolescents Flashcards
Distinctive needs due to
High caries rate Tendency for poor OH, eating habits, routine oral care access Increased risk of perio Dental phobia Potential tobacco, nicotine, alcohol and other recreational drug use Desire for oral piercings Increased risk of preg or STI Eating disorders Unique social psychological needs
Caries rate higher b/c
- immature perm Tooth enamel,
- increase in surfaces,
- diet,
- independence to seek or avoid dental care,
- low priority for OH and other social factors
Fluoride for adolescents
benefits throughout teens-early adulthood, no systemic benefit after 16, but topical benefit,
brush 2x/day w/ fluoridated toothpaste,
professionally applied F- depends on pts caries risk assessment,
prescription strength home products optional if risk indicates it,
optimal systemic F- intake via water or F- professionally prescribed supplements advised up to age 16
Oral Hygiene
standard instructions
Increased risk may mean need for….
sealants
Data suggests arrest or reversal of noncavitated caries using sealants, 5% NaF varnish, 1.23% APF gel and 5000 parts/million F- toothpaste and in advanced cavitated caries on primary teeth using SDF.
Small non-cavitated interproximal caries and facial white spots post ortho tx can be treated with…
resin infiltration
gingival disease becomes prevalent in adolescence due to caries
caries mouth breathing, crowding, eruption of teeth hormonal changes which increase the inflammatory response
Perio issues w/ adolescent to think about
Gingivitis, non dental plaque induced gingival disease, perio (chronic and aggressive), necrotizing perio, perio as manifestation of systemic disease, perio abscess, endo-perio lesions, mucogingival deformities (recession)
Occlusal considerations w/ adolescent
Malocclusion Third molars TMJ Congenitally missing teeth Ectopic eruption
Trauma
Make sports guard for kids in sports
Tobacco, nicotine, alcohol, rec drug use
smoking/tobacco use initiated and established primarily during adolescence.
Increased risk of oral cancer from chewing tobacco, increased risk of lung and pancreatic cancer, Cardiovascular disease, stroke and risk-taking behvaiors w/ nicotine, e-cigs, vaping, alcohol and rec drugs.
Also cause halitosis, staining
oral piercings
Should be DISCOURAGED -
risks are pain, bleeding, swelling, hematoma, delayed healing, nerve damage, abscess, hep B, C or HIV, EBV, tetanus, TB, endocarditis, metal hypersensitivity, choking from loose jewelry, enamel fractures, gingival trauma, perio recession, speech impediment and swallowing issues or aspiration
Pregnancy
should screen all adolescent females for preg., physiologic changes = gingivitis, preg associated dry mouth, pyogenic granuloma
STIs
screen for oral signs and discuss risk of transmission during oral sex (rec condoms/dental dams), HPV link to oral and oropharyngeal cancers allows dentist to discuss HPV vaccine
Psychosocial
Anxiety, depression, phobias, eating disorders