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PHM 651/652: Professional Practice > Exam 1 Lecture flash cards > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture flash cards

1
Q

1 oz = ?grams

A

28.35 g

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2
Q

1 apothecary oz= ?grams

A

31.1 g

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3
Q

1 oz= ? ml

A

29.57 mL

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4
Q

1 apothecary oz= ?mL

A

29.57 mL

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5
Q

steps to refining

A

weight out approximate amount needed to fill prescription, (round to nearest whole number,), and place in Wedgewood mortar and pestle. After refining, weigh out exact amount needed to fill prescription.

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6
Q

things to always add to prescription (from top to bottom

A
  1. media prescription was dispensed in
  2. expiration date of prescription
  3. endorsed prescription with initials and date it was filled
  4. interrelated sig
  5. axillary label
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7
Q

geometric combineination/ trituration

A

indicated when mass of powders to be mixed differ by a factor greater than 3. first take the ingredient with the smallest mass and place it in the mortar. next add in approx equal amount of powder with the larger quantitiy into the mortar. once we have approx equal quantities, we can triturate the powders. next add another quantity of the largr mass of pwder into the morater and triturate. repeat until the mass of the 2 powders differ than less than a factor of 3.

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8
Q

compounding

A

physical and /or chemical modification of a substance resulting in a drug/dosage form to which is suitable for administration to a patient

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9
Q

reasons for compounding:

A

drug or dosage form not commercially available.

patient comfort and compliance

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10
Q

what is extemporaneous compounding

pursuant to:

doesnt apply to

A

short period of time.

compounding pursuant to a specific patient, specific precription, and for 1 dispensing of a med

does not apply to : batching, maufacturing, refills

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11
Q

batching

A

compounding ahead of time in anticipation of outstanding refills or unfilled oral rx’s
compounding to have less than a 30 day supply

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12
Q

when batching, must keep records include

A

manu name
lot numers
expiration date

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13
Q

manufacturing

A

compounding for long term inventory and sale

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14
Q

stability

A

extent to which a drug preparation remains within specified limits in terms of chemical composition, physical composition, microbiologic activity/ contamination

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15
Q

expiration date:

what two factors control it?

rules of picking exp date

A

stability and storage conditions

dont pick an exp date that is longer than max dose interval, and dont pick pick exp date shorter than dose period for 1 filling

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16
Q

room temperature readings

A

20C-25 C

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17
Q

refrigerated temperature readings

A

2c-4c

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18
Q

what is an inactive ingredient?

A

substances present in a formulation which exist solely for their effect on the product

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19
Q

trituration

A

mixing of powders

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20
Q

what powders usually need to be pre-refined and in what instrument

A

salycylic acid
calamine
zinc oxide
sulfur ppt

wedgewood mortar

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21
Q

policy for making capsule

A

calculate mass needed to create +1 extra dose to account for possible loss when transferring contents

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22
Q

how to determine capsule size

A

convert capsule content mass to grains;
15.43 grains/1 g or 1000 mg=xgrains/ capsule content mass
subtract that number from 7 to get capsule size

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23
Q

what are powders:

A

intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and or chemicals that may be intended for internal or external use

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24
Q

types of powder

A 
bulk powders (external use)
unit dose powder (internal: capsules and chart powders. external : antimicrobial otic powders)
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25
Q

pulverization

A

particle size reduction for large particles

can be mechanical with mortar and pestly or by intervention by allowing substance to dissolve in suitable solvent

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26
Q

refinement

A

to make particle size smaller

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27
Q

purification

A

to make pure

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28
Q

efflorescent powders

A

contains water of hydration. store these in a cool dry place and in an air tight container

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29
Q

hygroscopic powders

A

subject to mooisturization from ambient humidity

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30
Q

deliquescent powders

A

hygroscopic but will actually dissolve forming an h2o solution

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31
Q

eutectics

A

combo of two or more substances whos melting point is lower than that of theirs alone. lowest melting point aoccurs at optimal ratios of masses

32
Q

lozenge

A

dissolve in the mouth. can be extemporaneously compounded

33
Q

pills

A

not used anymore. replaced by tablets. E.C uncommon but not unheard of

34
Q

fillers

A

solid qs media

35
Q

binder

A

integrity and tablets.

help ingredients stay bound together

36
Q

glidants

A

mold grease

added to a powder to improve its flowability

37
Q

excipients. are they active?

A

no

38
Q

disintergrants

A

aid in gi absorpion

39
Q

powder content capsules

A

diphenhydramine 50 mg. only example

40
Q

liquid capsule

A

decussate sodium

41
Q

capsule advantages

A

easy to swallow, taste conceilmentrapid drug release

42
Q

1 inch = ?cm

A

2.54

43
Q

1 kg=? lb

A

2.205

44
Q

body surface area equatoin

A

square root of height in cm weight in kg/3600

45
Q

between procedures for when pure powder are not provided.

what is the dif in procedure btw capsules and tablets provided.

A

when weighting the madd of the tablets, you weigh the whole tablets

when weighing the capsule, you have to open and weight the capsule contents. do not weigh capsule with it.

46
Q

how to find out minimum weighable quantity

A

they tell you the sensitivity division is a certain amount and the accuracy is a certain amount (our lab is 5%. you say 6 g is 5 % of what. figure out the ratio, and then it will give you the answer

47
Q

approach to making aliquot

A
  1. figure out minimum weighable quantity
  2. set ratio for how much we need divided by minimum weighable quantity
  3. rmultiply MWC by factor u got, to get total t mass.

subtract mwq from t mass to get filler mass

  1. do ratio of Mwc/ t t mass of aliquot equal to actuations calculated needed mass / x. solve for x
48
Q

liquid dosage form types

A

suspensions- not molecularly dispersed
solutions- molecularly dispersed
emulsions: 2 liquid phases not muscle within one another

49
Q

lotion

A

needs to be a liquid for external use that is an emulsion.

50
Q

disadvantage of liquids

A 
need an accurate measurind device.
 prones to error if pt/ caregiver does the measuring
unpleasant taste
specific storage conditions
less stable than dry form
51
Q

solution

A

solute +solvent: molecular dispersion liquid

52
Q

solvent

A

base liquid

53
Q

solute

A

dissolved insolvent

54
Q

solubility

A

degree solute will dissolve in solvent

55
Q

brows solution

A

aluminum acetate: don’t shake. products of degradation on the bottom and the solution is on the top

56
Q

rothwells “solution “

A

not really a solution cus the excipients cant be dissolved

57
Q

interthecal

A

do not put preservatives in this because it goes into spinal fluis

58
Q

cons of solution

A

less stable than dry forms

59
Q

max alcohol for ped patients

A

<6- 0.5%
6-12: 5%
>12- 10%

60
Q

do u shake solutions?

A

no

61
Q

dispensing solutions. do you let the patient usr their own measurements?

A

NO. also give an oral syringe or calibrated spoon for accuracy

62
Q

do not use what for volumetric measurements

what can u use

A

beakers and erlenmeyer flasks,

graduated cylinders

63
Q

20% rule for graduated cylinder

A

don’t measure <20% in granulated cylinder total measure cause inaccuracy chance increases

64
Q

ex: 1 mlpipette: what is the range of measurements u can make

A

0.2-1mL

65
Q

should beakers be used to measure?

A

NO. they are holding vessels

66
Q

pipettes use?

A

to use for small measurements

67
Q

most important consideration for storage

A

keep out of reach of children

68
Q

how to find out the max mass a capsule can hold

A

7-Z= (capsule zise in question). set up a ratio 15.43/1000 mg =Z/x

69
Q

pearl for geletin capsule

A

keep storage jars tightly closed because they are hygroscopic

70
Q

which forms eutectic mixture

A

menthol and camphor

71
Q

lotions can be what form

A

solutions
suspensions
emulsions

72
Q

advantages of solutions

A

easily absorbed

suspending agents not required

73
Q

ratio strength

A

X:Y

74
Q

mg%

A

mg/ 100 mL

75
Q

how to find out if liquid is a solution or suspension

A

set solubillity equal to the ratio of x amount of substance in 100 g/mL. that is the % saturation. compare the amount of substance in amount of total product. if it is less than percent saturatoin, it is soluble

PHM 651/652: Professional Practice (6 decks)

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