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F&N > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different types of minerals?

A

major minerals and trace minerals

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2
Q

what are the major minerals?

A
  • calcium
  • potassium
  • phosphorus
  • sodium chloride
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3
Q

what are the functions of calcium?

A
  • works with phosphorus and vitamin D to build strong bones and teeth
  • works with vitamin K needed for blood to clot
  • needed for the normal functioning of muscles and nerves for the transmission of nerve signals to control muscles
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4
Q

what are some sources of calcium?

A
  • dairy products such as milk, cheese and yoghurt
  • fish either double bones such as sardines
  • tofu
  • vegetables such as watercress and cauliflower
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5
Q

what are the deficiency disease associated with calcium?

A
  • osteoporosis

- osteomalacia

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6
Q

define osteoporosis

A
  • thinning of bones and lose of bone density overtime

- fragile which increases the risk of fractures

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7
Q

what are some symptoms of osteoporosis?

A
  • loss in height
  • abnormal curvature of the spine
  • hip fracture
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8
Q

define osteomalacia

A
  • it occurs in young children

- it is also known as rickets

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9
Q

what are some symptoms of osteomalacia?

A
  • bowing of the legs

- stunted growth

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10
Q

what is the toxicity for calcium?

A
  • calcium toxicity which leads to the formation of kidney stones and kidney damage, preventing the absorption of other minerals
  • skin disorders
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11
Q

what are the functions of potassium?

A
  • works with sodium to regulate the movement of fluids and minerals into and out of our body cells
  • essential for muscle development and nerve functions
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12
Q

what are some sources of potassium?

A
  • milk and other dairy products
  • fruits
  • whole-grain products
  • vegetables
  • seafood
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12
Q

what is the deficiency disease associated with potassium?

A

-individuals with kidney diseases are prone to potassium deficiency

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13
Q

what are some symptoms of potassium deficiency?

A
  • loss of appetite
  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
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14
Q

what is the toxicity of potassium?

A
  • individuals with kidney problems will not be able to excrete excess potassium
  • this leads to high levels of potassium in the body which can ultimately lead to a heart attack
  • kidney failure
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15
Q

what are the functions of phosphorus?

A
  • works with vitamin D and calcium to build and maintain strong bones and teeth
  • required for the conversion of carbohydrates and fats into energy
  • required for the regulation of fluids in the body
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16
Q

what are some sources of phosphorus?

A
  • vegetable oils
  • nuts
  • whole grain products
  • egg yolk
  • dairy products such as milk, cheese and yoghurt
  • liver
17
Q

what is the deficiency disease associated with phosphorus?

A
  • bone loss
  • stunted growth
  • poor dental health
18
Q

who gets toxicity of phosphorus?

A
  • occurs in people with kidney diseases

- people who take excessive vitamin D supplements

19
Q

what are some symptoms of phosphorus toxicity?

A
  • spasms

- convulsions

20
Q

what are some functions of sodium chloride?

A
  • chloride is required for the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
  • sodium is needed for the transmission of nerve signals to control muscles
  • both sodium and chloride are needed for the results ion of fluid in our body to maintain blood pressure
21
Q

what are some sources of sodium chloride?

A
  • table salt
  • processed food such as salted eggs,salted fish and canned food
  • seasonings such as soya sauce, ketchup and chilli sauce
22
Q

what is the deficiency disease associated with sodium chloride?

A
  • painful muscle cramps
  • diarrhoea
  • vomiting
23
Q

what is the toxicity of sodium chloride?

A

-bloating and swelling of body tissues due to water retention in our body
calcium loss in urine
-hypertension

24
Q

what is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure

25
Q

what are some symptoms of hypertension?

A
  • tightness in chest
  • blur vision
  • severe headache
27
Q

what are the trace minerals?

A

iron and iodine

28
Q

what are the functions of iron?

A
  • essential for the formation of haemoglobin and myoglobin

- required for cellular respiration

29
Q

what is cellular respiration?

A

the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy into cells

30
Q

what are some sources of iron?

A
  • red meat
  • liver
  • cereals
  • egg yolk
  • dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale
31
Q

what is the deficiency disease associated with iron?

A
  • anaemia
  • abnormal heavy and continuous bleeding
  • immune system deficiency
32
Q

what is anaemia?

A

a condition whereby insufficient oxygen is transported around the body

33
Q

what are some symptoms of anaemia?

A
  • fatigue/feeling tired all the time
  • weakness
  • poor memory
  • poor learning ability
  • giddiness/dizziness when standing up
34
Q

what are the functions of iodine?

A
  • essential for the production of thyroxine (hormone) which controls the rate of metabolism in our body
  • promotes the general growth and development of our body so that the body can carry out its processes effectively
35
Q

what are some sources of iodine

A
  • seafood
  • seaweed
  • iodized salt
36
Q

what is the deficiency disease associated with iodine?

A

goitre

37
Q

what is goitre?

A

the swelling of the thyroid gland

38
Q

what are some symptoms of goitre?

A
  • physical and mental processes
  • weight gain
  • lethargy
  • swelling of the thyroid gland at neck
  • feels tired easily
39
Q

what is the toxicity of iodine?

A

goitre

40
Q

what does the thyroid do?

A

controls metabolism

41
Q

what is the interaction between dietary fibre and minerals?

A
  • high fibre diets can decrease the absorption of iron, zinc, magnesium and other minerals
  • when fibre intake exceeds the recommended amount of 20-35g per day, it can cause the mineral status in the body to be lowered
42
Q

what is the interaction between minerals?

A
  • many minerals have similar sizes and charges
  • this causes the minerals to compete with each other for absorption
  • taking individual mineral supplements should be avoided because an excess of one mineral influences the absorption and metabolism of other minerals

F&N (16 decks)

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