105 Diagnostic imaging of the larynx

Question 1

The airway at the level of the TVF?

Answer 1

Rima glottidis

Question 2

Produces a 3D view of the tracheal airway lumen by reconstructing 2D data, used for non-invasive visualisation of the airways

Answer 2

MDCT (Multi-row detector CT) / Virtual laryngoscopy

Question 3

Gold standard in detection and localization of primary subsites of laryngeal carcinomas

Answer 3

Direct laryngoscopy

Question 4

Causative agent of epiglottitis/supraglottitis

Answer 4

H. influenza

Question 5

Plain film radiographic presentation of epiglottitis

Answer 5

Thumb’s sign

Question 6

Percent of children with subglottic narrowing associated with epiglottitis

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

Radiographic view to request to assess epiglottitis?

Answer 7

Lateral view

Question 8

Possible complication of excessive manipulation of patients with epiglottitis?

Answer 8

Glottic spasm

Question 9

Other factors that may cause enlargement of the epiglottis? give atleast 2.

Answer 9

Foreign body irritation, burns, cysts, neoplasms (lymphoma), granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Wegener granulomatosis), angioneurotic edema

Question 10

Inflammation of the subglottic larynx usually caused by parainfluenza virus type 1?

Answer 10

Croup

Question 11

Causative agent for croup?

Answer 11

parainfluenza virus type 1

Question 12

Radiographic view to assess croup?

Answer 12

Frontal view

Question 13

Radiographic finding in croup?

Answer 13

subglottic airway narrowing or “pencilling’ of the airway

Question 14

Variant of croup that is characterised by diffuse inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi with adherent exudate and mucus on the surface of the upper tracheal mucosa

Answer 14

Membranous croup

Question 15

Radiographic finding for membranous croup?

Answer 15

subglottic narrowing and multiple tracheal soft tissue excrescences

Question 16

The deep neck space that lies posterior to the larynx between the middle and deep layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 16

Retropharyngeal space

Question 17

Extent of the retropharyngeal space

Answer 17

Skull base to mediastinum

Question 18

Possible causes of retropharyngeal abscess?

Answer 18

Infection of the retropharyngeal LN sec to URTI, perforation of the pharynx or upper esophagus by a foreign body

Question 19

Radiographic findings in retropharyngeal abscess?

Answer 19

Fixed thickening of the retropharyngeal soft tissues, anterior displacement of the airway, reversal of normal cervical lordosis, and occasionally gas bubbles within the abscess

Question 20

The retropharyngeal space should not exceed ___mm at the most anterior aspect of C2 to the posterior pharyngeal wall

Answer 20

7

Question 21

At C6, the thickness of the retropharyngeal tissues should not be greater than __ mm in children and __mm in adults

Answer 21

14, 22

Question 22

Diagnostic modality used to detect retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 22

CT or MRI

Question 23

Presentation of retropharyngeal abscess in CT and MRI

Answer 23

CT - Hypodense
T1 weighted MRI - hypointense
T2 weighted MRI - hypertintense

Question 24

Also known as congenital flaccid larynx

Answer 24

Laryngomalacia

Question 25

Imaging findings consistent with laryngomalacia?

Answer 25

Hypopharyngeal overdistention with associated collapse of the aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis on inspiration.

Question 26

Cause of vocal fold paralysis

Answer 26

any process that involves the vagus nerve or its recurrent laryngeal branch between the jugular foramen and its entrance into the larynx

Question 27

Percentage of unilateral vocal fold paralysis?

Answer 27

75%

Question 28

Percentage of peripheral cause of VF paralysis?

Answer 28

90%

Question 29

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under?

Answer 29

aortic arch

Question 30

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under?

Answer 30

right subclavian artery

Question 31

Diagnosis of abnormal vocal fold motion?

Answer 31

Laryngoscopy