105-General Combat Leadership Fundamentals

Question 1

Identify and explain the nine common elements found in a combat environment.

Answer 1

-Violent, unnerving sights and sounds

-Casualties

-Confusion and lack of information

-Isolation

-Communications breakdown

-Individual discomfort and physical fatigue

-Fear, stress, and mental fatigue

-Continuous operations

-Homesickness

Question 2

Characteristics that enable Marines and Sailors to overcome fear.

Answer 2

-Morale
-Discipline
-Esprit de Corps
-Proficiency
-Motivation

Question 3

Morale

Answer 3

-The capacity of an individual or unit to maintain belief in the team or mission, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship.

-Morale improves unit cohesion, and measured by the ability of a unit to pull together persistently and consistently to complete the mission.

Question 4

Discipline

Answer 4

-The assertion of willpower over more base desires, and is usually understood in conjunction with self-control.

-It ensures prompt obedience to orders and initiation of appropriate action in the absence of orders in both individuals and units.

Question 5

Esprit de Corps

Answer 5

-A French expression meaning “Spirit of Corps”.

-It denotes a strong-shared unit spirit, mutual solidarity and fellowship, sense of duty, and devotion to a cause among the unit’s members.

-It exemplifies not only the fighting spirit, but the pride for the unit and country, and the devotion and loyalty to the other members of the unit that the men and women fight and serve with.

Question 6

Proficiency

Answer 6

The technical, tactical, and physical ability to perform the job or mission.

Question 7

Motivation

Answer 7

Compels people to act, based on needs, desires, and impulses.

Question 8

Six troop leading steps (BAMCIS)

Answer 8

-Begin Planning
-Arrange for Reconnaissance
-Make Reconnaissance
-Complete the Plan
-Issue the order
-Supervise

Question 9

Begin Planning

Answer 9

-Use METT-T (Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops, and Time Available) to begin estimates of the situation based on the content of the order received from the next senior echelon.

-Terrain orientation as seen from a vantage point, map, or aerial photograph.

-Plan use of available time for personal/subordinates reconnaissance and planning

-Movement of the unit (when movement and planning cannot be conducted. concurrently)

-Formulate a tentative plan of action based on the preliminary estimate of the situation, the higher commander’s order, and the commander’s intent.

Question 10

Arrange for Reconnaissance

Answer 10

-Reconnaissance

-Movement of the unit, to include the route, persons to accompany the commander/leader and the schedule of prearranged meetings with adjacent and supporting unit leaders.

-Subordinate leaders are notified of the time and place where the order will be issued and a time and place for prearranged meetings with adjacent and supporting unit leaders for coordination.

Question 11

Make Reconnaissance

Answer 11

-Revise the estimate of the situation and preliminary plan, as necessary.

-Select a vantage point from which to orient subordinates.

-Effect coordination with adjacent and supporting unit leaders, as planned.

-Confirm tactical control measures.

Question 12

Complete the Plan

Answer 12

-Receive recommendations.

-Complete the estimate and arrive at a decision.

-Prepare the order.

Question 13

Issue the order

Answer 13

-Orient subordinate leaders.

-Ensure a thorough understanding of the orientation.

-Utilize standard operation order format.

-Ensure a thorough understanding of the order.

Question 14

Supervise

Answer 14

The planning and preparation by subordinates and the conduct of operations.

Question 15

Six articles of the Code of Conduct.

Answer 15

Articles 1-6

Question 16

ARTICLE I

Answer 16

“I am an American, fighting in the armed forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.”

Question 17

ARTICLE II

Answer 17

“I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist

Question 18

ARTICLE III

Answer 18

“If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.”

Question 19

ARTICLE IV

Answer 19

“If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information nor take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them in every way.”

Question 20

ARTICLE V

Answer 20

“When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.”

Question 21

ARTICLE VI

Answer 21

“I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.”

Question 22

Humane Treatment of Prisoners

Answer 22

-Prisoners of war (POW) must at all times be humanely treated.

-Any unlawful act or omission by the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the Geneva Convention.

-No prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind, which are not justified by the medical, dental, or hospital treatment of the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.

-Prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence, intimidation, insults, and public curiosity.

-Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.

Question 23

Respect for the Person of Prisoners

Answer 23

-Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their honor.

-Women shall be treated with all regards due to their sex, and shall in all cases benefit from treatment equal to men.

-Taking into consideration any privileged treatment which may be granted due to their state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.

Question 24

Questioning of Prisoners

Answer 24

-Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only full name and rank, date of birth, and serial number, or failing this, provide equivalent information.

-No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure information of any kind.

-Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind.

Question 25

Quarters

Answer 25

-Prisoners of war shall be housed under conditions as favorable as those for the forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in the same area.

-In any camps in which both women and men are accommodated as prisoners of war, separate dormitories shall be provided for them.

Question 26

Food

Answer 26

-The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep prisoners of war in good health and prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional deficiencies.

-Collective disciplinary measures affecting food are prohibited.

Question 27

Clothing

Answer 27

-Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to prisoners of war in sufficient quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make allowance for the climate of the region where the prisoners are detained.

Question 28

Hygiene

Answer 28

The Detaining Power shall be bound to take all sanitary measures necessary to ensure the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps and to prevent epidemics.

Question 29

Medical Attention and Inspections

Answer 29

-Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities for examination.

-Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the attention they require, as well as appropriate diet.

-Isolation wards shall be set aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.

-Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the near future.

-Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month.

-They shall include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.

-Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases.

Question 30

Authorized Work and Conditions

Answer 30

-The Detaining Power may utilize the labor of prisoners of war who are physically fit, taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude, and with a view particularly to maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health.

-Prisoners of war must be granted suitable working conditions, especially regarding accommodation, food, clothing and equipment; such conditions shall not be inferior to those enjoyed by nationals of the Detaining Power employed in similar work.

-No prisoner of war shall be assigned to labor which is of military character or purpose.

-Conditions of labor shall in no case be rendered more arduous by disciplinary measures.

Question 31

Dangerous or Humiliating Labor

Answer 31

-Unless they volunteer, no prisoner of war may participate in labor which is of an unhealthy or dangerous nature.

-No prisoner of war shall be assigned to labor which would be looked upon as humiliating for a member of the Detaining Power’s own forces.

Question 32

Religious Freedoms

Answer 32

-Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties, including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.

Question 33

Correspondence

Answer 33

-Prisoners of war shall be allowed to send and receive letters and cards.

-Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive individual parcels or collective shipments containing foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies, and articles of a religious, educational or recreational character.

Question 34

Punishment

Answer 34

-No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same charge.

-Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.

-No prisoner of war may be tried or sentenced for an act which is not forbidden by the law of the Detaining Power or by international law, in force at the time the act was committed.

-No prisoner of war may be convicted without having had an opportunity to present their defense and the assistance of a qualified advocate or counsel.

Question 35

Posting of the Geneva Convention, Regulations, and Orders concerning Prisoners

Answer 35

-In every camp, the text of the Geneva Convention, its Annexes, and the contents of any special agreement, shall be posted, in the prisoners’ own language, at places where all may read them.

-Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who cannot have access to the copy, which has been posted.

-Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand.

-Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually must likewise be given in a language, which they understand.

Question 36

Obligations of Prisoners of War

Answer 36

Among the different classifications available (e.g. unlawful enemy combatant, detainee to an enemy captive), the Prisoner of War status is considered favored. With this favored status, there are certain obligations expressed within the Geneva Convention that must be adhered to by POW’s:

      -Prisoners of war may in no circumstances renounce in part or in entirety the rights secured to them by the Geneva Convention.  

       -Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture. 

-The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.

-Prisoners of war must salute and show to all officers of the Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their own forces.