105 Test 1

Question 1

The study of speech sounds, sound patterns, and rules for combining sounds in meaningful words and sentences

Answer 1

Phonology

Question 2

The study of speech sounds, their production and acoustic properties, and the written symbols used to represent their productions

Answer 2

Phonetics

Question 3

In the study of speech production, a single speech sound represented by a single symbol in the phonetic system

Answer 3

Phone

Question 4

A family of phones or sounds perceived to belong to the same category. May consist of many productions that vary slightly, but don’t change meaning (allophonic variation)

Answer 4

Phoneme

Question 5

Minimal unit of meaning or the smallest unit of language caring semantic interpretation

Answer 5

Morpheme

Question 6

A whole word that can’t be broken down into smaller units (root word)

Answer 6

Free morpheme

Question 7

Suffixes or prefixes that attach to a free morpheme to alter meaning

Answer 7

Bound morpheme

Question 8

• A variant or alternate form of phoneme within a language

- They do not change the meaning of a word

Answer 8

Allophone

Question 9

Subtle phonemic variations that do not change the meaning in words often as a result of the phonetic context (the sounds proceeding a phoneme)

Answer 9

Allophonic variation

Question 10

• Recording of speech sounds into phonemic symbols between virgules. The variations in phoneme production are not represented
  Ex. /t/

Answer 10

Phonemic transcription

Question 11

Recording of speech sounds using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and diacritic markers. These are sounds actually produced by an individual. Transcription in [ ]

Answer 11

Phonetic transcription

Question 12

Special symbols used in narrow phonetic transcription to depict the articulatory or perceptual features of a phone

Answer 12

Diacritic markers

Question 13

The influence that sounds have on other sounds when they come together to form words, phrases, or sentences

Answer 13

Coarticulation

Question 14

The rules for combining sounds

Answer 14

Phonotactics

Question 15

Include the sound changes that occur due to the modification of free morphemes

Answer 15

Morphophonemic

Question 16

Cognate pair: /d/

Answer 16

/t/

Question 17

Cognate pair: /g/

Answer 17

/k/

Question 18

Cognate pair: /b/

Answer 18

/p/

Question 19

Cognate pair: /v/

Answer 19

/f/

Question 20

Cognate pair: /z/

Answer 20

/s/

Question 21

Cognate pair: /ʒ/

Answer 21

/ʃ/

Question 22

Cognate pair: /ð/

Answer 22

/θ/

Question 23

Cognate pair: /dʒ/

Answer 23

/tʃ/

Question 24

• Produced with a relatively open tract
  o Positioning of the tongue in the mouth/shape
  o Roundness
  o Tenseness

Answer 24

how vowels are classified

Question 25

Place, manner, voicing

Answer 25

how consonants are classified

Question 26

Refers to sound located in the initial position of the word

Answer 26

initial

Question 27

Refers to sound located in the middle position of the word

Answer 27

medial

Question 28

Refers to sound located in final position of the word

Answer 28

Final

Question 29

Consonant or consonant blend occurring before a vowel or diphthong - Ex. (red; would br r)

Answer 29

Prevocalic

Question 30

Consonant or consonant blends that occur between vowels or diphthongs - Ex. (Along; would be l)

Answer 30

Intervocalic

Question 31

Consonants or consonant blends produced after a vowel or diphthong - Ex. (bat; would be t)

Answer 31

Postvocalic

Question 32

Syllables that end in a vowel or diphthong

Answer 32

Open syllables

Question 33

Syllables that end in a consonant

Answer 33

Closed syllables

Question 34

Consonant or consonant cluster that initiate the syllable

Answer 34

Onset

Question 35

The vowel or diphthong that follows the initial consonant or consonant cluster

Answer 35

Nucleus

Question 36

The consonant or consonant cluster that follows the nucleus

Answer 36

Coda

Question 37

Nucleus + Coda

Answer 37

Rhyme

Question 38

is the physiological formation of sound and phonology encompasses the rules of the linguistic system for combining sounds into words. (production of the sound)

Answer 38

Articulation disorder

Question 39

The study of speech sounds, sound patterns, and rules for combining sounds in meaningful words and sentences. (putting sounds in the right order; the rules)

Answer 39

Phonological disorder

Question 40

When the sound that changes precedes the sound that caused the change

Answer 40

Regressive assimilation

Question 41

When the sound that changes follows the sound that influences the change

Answer 41

Progressive assimilation

Question 42

Time period in development prior to the acquisition of language whereby infant vocalizations and speech perception are developing - Not wholly linguistic in nature as they are not vocalizations with intent of relaying meaning

Answer 42

What characterizes pre-linguistic development

Question 43

The understanding of spoken language

Answer 43

Speech perception

Question 44

how they studied speech perception

Answer 44

- Sound localization - Perception of different speech sounds - Conditioned response

Question 45

``` (Oller) Birth to 2 months o Characterized by: - Reflexive vocalizations: automatic responses mirror physical status of the baby Ex. cry, fuss, cough - “Quasi-vowels” Typical phonation - Produced when unattended/alone - Ambiguous function ```

Answer 45

Phonation Stage

Question 46

(Oller) 1 months to 4 months Characterized by: - Squeals and growls - Coos and goos A protophone whereby the phonation is interrupted by tongue contact in the back of the oral cavity - Primitive syllable sequences - Produced when alone and when accompanied by caregivers

Answer 46

Primitive Articulation Stage

Question 47

(Oller) · 3 to 8 months · Characterized by: - Vocal play and exploration - Vocalizations vary in pitch, amplitude, duration, and quality - Vocal raspberries - Better control over speech mechanism - “Full resonant nuclei” - Marginal babbling - Continued precursory sound development

Answer 47

Exapnsion Stage

Question 48

(Oller) 5 to 10 months Characterized by: - CV syllable shapes continue and resemble true vowel and consonants - Syllable shapes now become reduplicated - Not intended to be meaningful - Phonetic repertoire may include: nasals, stops, glides, and lax vowels - Back sounds less commonly produced and front sounds become more frequent - Infants also begin to produce variegated babbling - Vowel and consonant inventory increase - intonation/prosody pattern changes

Answer 48

Reduplicated babbling (canocical babling)

Question 49

repitition of the same CV syllable strings o Consonants remain the same o Vowels may vary

Answer 49

Reduplicated

Question 50

Consonants and vowels vary for each syllable

Answer 50

Variegated

Question 51

A stable phonetic form, similar to adult production, produced consistently and in particular context

Answer 51

True words

Question 52

Are the first meaningful productions that do not resemble the adult production, but are used consistently to represent a referent

Answer 52

Protowords

Question 53

- Selection of subjects from each age group of the targeted age groups - Provides group data, not individual variations

Answer 53

Cross sectional

Question 54

- A small number of subjects are utilized and followed for longer duration of time - Do not provide norms

Answer 54

Longitudinal

Question 55

Early, middle or late sounds? | [m, b, j, n, w, d, p, h]

Answer 55

Early sounds

Question 56

Early, middle or late sounds? | [t, ŋ, k, g, f, v, tʃ, dʒ]

Answer 56

Middle sounds

Question 57

Early, middle or late sounds? | [ʃ, θ, ð, s, z, l, r, ʒ]

Answer 57

late sounds

Question 58

How understandable a individual’s speech is

Answer 58

Intelligibility

Question 59

- Anatomical, physiological, and neurological variables - Motor skills - Sensory deficits - Language skills - Personal characteristics - Tongue thrust

Answer 59

Variables that may affect speech development and production

Question 60

Dental arches aligned, a few teeth are misaligned

Answer 60

Class 1 malocclusion

Question 61

Lower jaw receded and upper jaw protruded

Answer 61

Class 2 malocclusion

Question 62

Lower jaw protruded and upper jaw receded

Answer 62

Class 3 malocclusion

Question 63

- Short lingual frenum; tongue tied - An extremely short frenum may be associated with speech sound disorders - Not a cause of SSD for the majority of children

Answer 63

Ankyloglossia

Question 64

- Motor skills are being accessed by collecting diadochokinetic rates - Client is asked to rapidly alternating and continuous speech sounds as quickly as possible - Repetitions of /pʌ/ /tʌ/ and /kʌ/ /pʌtə/ /pʌtəkə/

Answer 64

DDK rates

Question 65

SLPs must consider this when assessing a bilingual/English language learner

Answer 65

- The language and phonological characteristics of the child's primary language - How the primary language affects the learning of the second language - How to determine if there is a disorder in the first, second, or both of the languages