Small Intestine (GIT)

Question 1

What are 4 types of small intestine obstruction?

Answer 1

Herniation
Adhesions
Volvulus
Intussusception

Question 2

What disease is the ‘rule of 2’s’ associated with?

Answer 2

Meckel’s diverticulum:

• 2% of population
• 2 inches long
• 2x as common in males

Question 3

What is coeliac disease?

Describe pathophysiology of disease

Answer 3

Inability to tolerate gliadin, component of gluten.

Causes NK cells to attach to enteric epithelial cells, causing inflammatory damage to cells, atrophy of villi and loss of absorptive surface.

This leads to malabsorption.

Question 4

What are the clinical features of coeliac disease?

Answer 4

Chronic diarrhoea
Steatorrhea
Abdominal bloating/cramps
Flatulence and borborygmus (rumbling of gut)

Question 5

What are the complications of coeliac disease?

Answer 5

Malabsorption 
Anaemia (impaired iron absorption)
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Risk of malignancy
Infertility

Question 6

What skin condition is associatd with coeliac disease?

Answer 6

Dermatitis herptiformis.

Question 7

How can you diagnose coeliac disease?

Answer 7

History of diet

Serology for anti-tTG and AGA

Question 8

What genetic disorder causes antibodies against enterocytes and goblet cells?

Answer 8

Autoimmune enteropathy.

Question 9

What protozoan infection is associated with malabsorption and diarrhoea from damage to epithelial surface?

Answer 9

Giardia

Question 10

What physical examination can aid in investigation of stomach and intestinal disease?

Answer 10

Endoscopy