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PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) > 6 PRIMER (MEASUREMENTS) > Flashcards

6 PRIMER (MEASUREMENTS) Flashcards

1
Q 
GULLSTRAND'S SCHEMATIC EYE INDEX OF REFRACTION:
* CORNEA 
* AQEOUS HUMOR 
* CRYSTALLINE LENS
 (cortex)
 (nucleus)
* VITREOUS HUMOR
A
  • CORNEA 1.376
  • AQEOUS HUMOR 1.336
  • CRYSTALLINE LENS
    1. 386 (cortex)
    1. 406 (nucleus)
  • VITREOUS HUMOR 1.336
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2
Q

Higher index of refraction

  • slower speed of light
  • faster speed of light
A

slower speed of light

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3
Q

Higher index of refraction

  • lesser bending
  • greater bending
A

greater bending

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4
Q

Lower index of refraction

  • slower speed of light
  • faster speed of light
A

faster speed of light

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5
Q

Lower index of refraction

  • lesser bending
  • greater bending
A

lesser bending

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6
Q

RADIUS OF CURVATURE

CORNEA 
    front surface: \_\_\_\_\_mm
    back surface: \_\_\_\_\_mm
LENS
    front surface: \_\_\_\_\_mm
    back surface: \_\_\_\_\_mm
A

RADIUS OF CURVATURE

CORNEA 
    front surface: 7.7mm
    back surface: 6.8mm
LENS
    front surface: 10.0mm
    back surface: 6.0mm
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7
Q

Shorter radius of curvature:

  • flatter
  • steeper
A

steeper

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8
Q

Shorter radius of curvature:

  • lesser power
  • greater power
A

greater power

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9
Q

Shorter radius of curvature:

  • lesser bending
  • greater bending
A

greater bending

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10
Q

Longer radius of curvature:

  • flatter
  • steeper
A

flatter

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11
Q

Shorter radius of curvature:

  • lesser power
  • greater power
A

lesser power

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12
Q

Shorter radius of curvature:

  • lesser bending
  • greater bending
A

lesser bending

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13
Q

REFRACTIVE POWER

CORNEA: ____ D
LENS (UNACCOMMODATED): ____ D
COMPLETE EYE (UNACCOMMODATED: ____ D

A

REFRACTIVE POWER

CORNEA: 43.05 D
LENS (UNACCOMMODATED): 19.11 D
COMPLETE EYE (UNACCOMMODATED: 58.64 D

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14
Q

Higher refractive power

  • lesser bending
  • greater bending
A

greater bending

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15
Q

Lesser refractive power

  • lesser bending
  • greater bending
A

lesser bending

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16
Q

2/3 of refraction of the eye

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Cornea

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17
Q

Power ranges from 36.00-50.00 D (average: 43.00 D)

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Cornea

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18
Q

index: 1.376

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Cornea

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19
Q

Where cornea owes its clear optical

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Tear film

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20
Q

First surface where light is refracted followed by the cornea

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Tear film

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21
Q

Steeper curvature will result to:

  • lower surface power
  • higher surface power
A

higher surface power

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22
Q

CL w/ shorter RC

  • flatter tear layer radius
  • steep tear layer radius

increase corneal power posterior

A

steep tear layer radius

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23
Q

CL w/ shorter RC

  • decrease corneal power posterior
  • increase corneal power posterior
A

increase corneal power posterior

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24
Q

Flatter curvature will result to

  • lower surface power
  • higher surface power
A

lower surface power

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25
Q

Cl.w/ longer RC

  • flat tear layer radius
  • steep tear layer radius
A

flat tear layer radius

26
Q

Cl.w/ longer RC

  • decrease corneal power posterior principal
  • increase corneal power posterior principal
A

decrease corneal power posterior principal

27
Q

1/3 of refraction of the eye

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Crystalline Lens

28
Q

Important structure for ACCOMMODATION

  • Cornea
  • Tear film
  • Crystalline Lens
A

Crystalline Lens

29
Q

Process by which the crystalline lens varies its focal length in response to changes in vergence (direction) of incident light

  • Accommodation
  • Binocular Fusion
A

Accommodation

30
Q

Dioptric adjustment of the eye to attain maximum sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of regard

  • Accommodation
  • Binocular Fusion
A

Accommodation

31
Q

primary stimulus for accommodation

  • blur
  • near target
A

blur

32
Q

other stimulus for accommodaiton

  • blur
  • near target
A

near target

33
Q

If the accommodation is Insufficient, object will still fall behind the retina, the distance between the focus to the retina is termed as __________

  • LAG OF ACCOMMODATION
  • LEAD OF ACCOMMODATION
A

LAG OF ACCOMMODATION

34
Q

the most common form of color blindness results in a confusion of ____________

  • red and blue shades
  • red and green shades
A

red and green shades

35
Q

is about having a sense of direction while moving around an environment

  • Binocular fusion
  • Spacial Orientation
A

Spacial Orientation

36
Q

__________, in his classic thesis, described an island of vision in the sea of darkness

  • Traquair
  • Point of fixation
  • Blindspot
A

Traquair

37
Q

The (1) _______ represents the perceived field of vision, and the (2) _________ is the surrounding areas that are not seen

  • sea of darkness
  • island
A

(1) island

(2) sea of darkness

38
Q

highest peak of the Island

  • Traquair
  • Point of fixation
  • Blindspot
A

Point of fixation

39
Q

bottomless pit

  • Traquair
  • Point of fixation
  • Blindspot
A

Blindspot

40
Q

The process of producing a single image from the two disparate monocular images is called ________

  • binocular fusion
  • depth perception
A

binocular fusion

41
Q

Law of Retinal/Sensory Correspondence

  • binocular fusion
  • depth perception
A

binocular fusion

42
Q

permits the perception a single clear image

  • binocular fusion
  • depth perception
A

binocular fusion

43
Q

where one eye deviates from the normal position and/or is paralyzed

  • amblyopia
  • strabismus
A

strabismus

44
Q

strabimus at birth, if uncorrected, may result to _______

  • amblyopia
  • strabismus
A

amblyopia

45
Q

approximate distance of an object

  • binocular fusion
  • depth perception
A

depth perception

46
Q

Some of these cues can be processed by just one eye, which is why they are referred to as ______

  • monocular cues
  • relative size
A

monocular cues

47
Q

If two objects are roughly the same size, the object that looks the largest will be judged as being the closest to the observer

  • monocular cues
  • relative size
A

relative size

48
Q

As you are moving, objects that are closer seem to zoom by faster than do objects in the distance

  • motion parallax
  • aerial perspective
A

motion parallax

49
Q

Objects that are farther away seem to be blurred or slightly hazy.

  • motion parallax
  • aerial perspective
A

aerial perspective

50
Q

Parallel lines appears to meet as they travel into the distance.

  • Linear Perspective
  • Overlap (or Inter position)
A

Linear Perspective

51
Q

When one object overlaps another, the object that is partially obscured is perceived as being farther away.

  • Linear Perspective
  • Overlap (or Inter position)
A

Overlap (or Inter position)

52
Q

can cause permanent blindness

  • Vitamin A deficiency
  • Vitamin B deficiency
  • Vitamin C deficiency
  • Vitamin D deficiency
A

Vitamin A deficiency

53
Q

is an inherited disorder in which there is a gradual and progressive failure to maintain the receptor cells

  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Macular Degeneration
A

Retinitis pigmentosa

54
Q

A symptom of this condition is ‘night blindness’ and loss of peripheral vision.

  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Macular Degeneration
A

Retinitis pigmentosa

55
Q

the cones receptors function normally and central vision remains intact

  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Macular Degeneration
A

Retinitis pigmentosa

56
Q

The leading cause of blindness in the elderly.

  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Macular Degeneration
A

Macular Degeneration

57
Q

The _________ involves intraocular proliferation of cells in the macular area, the fovea and the immediately surrounding retinal areas

  • dry form of macular degeneration
  • wet form of macular degeneration
A

dry form of macular degeneration

58
Q

In the _________, the capillaries of the choroid coat invade the macular area and destroy receptor cells and neurons.

  • dry form of macular degeneration
  • wet form of macular degeneration
A

wet form of macular degeneration

59
Q

When the neural retina is torn away from the retinal pigment epithelium,

  • Retinal detachment
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
A

Retinal detachment

60
Q

supplies glucose and essentiai ions to the neural retina, helps support the photoreceptor cell outer segment, removes outer segment disks shed by the receptor cells, and converts retinol and stores vitamin A for photopigment resynthesis

  • neural retina
  • retinal pigment epithelium
A

retinal pigment epithelium

61
Q

Involves microaneurysms and pretunctate hemorrhages in the retina

  • retinal detachment
  • diabetic retinopathy
A

diabetic retinopathy

62
Q

The tiny swollen blood vessels and/or bleeding in the underlying choroid, coat damage the receptor cells and retinal neurons and result in blindness in the regions affected.

  • retinal detachment
  • diabetic retinopathy
A

diabetic retinopathy

PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) (16 decks)

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