Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Sonography > Biliary System > Flashcards

Biliary System Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of structures are the gallbladder and biliary tract?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three sections of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What duct does the gallbladder neck connect to?

A

Cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The confluence of what ducts creates the common bile duct?

A

Common hepatic duct

Cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the typical length of the gallbladder?

A

7-10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the normal thickness of the gallbladder wall?

A

Less than 3 mm

Less than 0.3 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

In the liver parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What duct takes bile in and out of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The confluence of what two ducts creates the ampulla of Vater?

A

Common bile duct

Pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

A

Regulates the flow of bile into the intestinal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal measurement of the common bile duct?

A

Less than 6 mm in dia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the CBD diameter increase?

A

It increases 1 mm for every decade of life after 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary role of the gallbladder?

A

To store, concentrate, and release bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What triggers the release of bile into the duodenum?

A

Proteins and fatty acids in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main lobar fissure?

A

Echogenic linear structure between the gallbladder neck and the portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is the main lobar fissure important in ultrasound?

A

It helps differentiate the gallbladder from liver vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes the gallbladder posterior enhancement?

A

The duodenum with bowel gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Hartmann’s pouch?

A

When there is a small outpouching along the gallbladder neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a Phrygian cap?

A

When the fundus folds on itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do the bile ducts, hepatic artery, and portal vein walls look like on ultrasound?

A

Echogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the hepatic vein walls look like on ultrasound?

A

Thin and dull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the main portal vein arise from?

A

The confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the hepatic vein drain?

A

Into the IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the bile ducts and gallbladder show on color Doppler?

A

No flow

25
Q

What kind of flow does liver vasculature have?

A

Hepatic artery and portal vein are hepatopedal

Hepatic veins are hepatofugal

26
Q

What is the correct method for measuring the CBD?

A

From inner wall to inner wall in long axis

27
Q

What is the sonographic difference between the gallbladder and intestinal loops?

A

Intestinal walls are hypoechoic and have echogenic lumen

Gallbladder has hyperechoic walls and a echoing lumen

28
Q

What is patient preparation for biliary tree scanning?

A

NPO for 6-8 hours before exam

29
Q

Why should a patient be NPO before biliary scanning?

A

Ensures the gallbladder will be dilated

Minimizes bowel gas

30
Q

What are the basic objectives for imaging the gallbladder and biliary tract?

A

Visualize the biliary system in two planes in two body positions (supine, LLD)
Scan gallbladder from fundus through neck
Measure the thickness of the anterior gallbladder wall
Measure CBD diameter

31
Q

Is the gallbladder always in the same location?

A

No, it depends on body habitus

32
Q

Where is the gallbladder likely located in thinner patients?

A

Anteriorly located in subcostal position

Beam directed toward head

33
Q

Where is the gallbladder likely located in heavier patients?

A

More laterally located

X-7 approach - start in subxiphoid position and move 7 cm laterally

34
Q

What major structures should be included in biliary scanning?

A

Gallbladder in long and trans
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts
Pancreatic head with common bile duct

35
Q

What measurements are suggested for biliary scanning?

A

Anterior wall of gallbladder

Bile duct in ports hepatis

36
Q

What is the maximum measurement for the the bile filled gallbladder?

A

9 cm

37
Q

What aspect is the common duct is considered the common bile duct?

A

The distal

38
Q

What congenital sonographic finding can appear similar to an hourglass?

A

Bilobed

39
Q

What sonographic finding is associated with the presence of stone in the ductal system?

A

Choledocholithiasis

40
Q

What clinical indication presents as yellowish skin?

A

Jaundice

41
Q

What imaging test is used to test the function of the gallbladder?

A

HIDA scan

42
Q

What is the widest portion of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus

43
Q

What does the extrahepatic portal triad consist of?

A

Left portal vein
Left hepatic artery
Common bile duct

44
Q

What ducts form the ampulla of Vater?

A

Pancreatic and bile ducts

45
Q

What circle of muscle fibers surrounds the ampulla of Vater?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

46
Q

What is the neck of the gallbladder fixed to?

A

Main lobar fissure

47
Q

What do the walls of the gallbladder look like?

A

Echogenic

48
Q

What do the walls of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct look like?

A

Echogenic walls

No color doppler flow

49
Q

Where does the CBD deliver bile?

A

Into the duodenum

50
Q

What regulates the CBD?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

51
Q

Where does the CBD run?

A

Anterior and parallel to the portal vein

52
Q

How does the gallbladder concentrate bile when fasting?

A

By reabsorbing water and electrolytes
The sphincter of oddi is closed
Bile goes to the liver through the cystic duct

53
Q

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

A

Causes the liver to synthesize more bile and the sphincter of oddi to open

54
Q

What are the vasculature included in the Mickey Mouse sign?

A

Left ear is CBD
Right ear is HA
Head is PV

55
Q

How do you scan the gallbladder?

A

Hold deap breath

Two planes in two positions

56
Q

What is the normal diameter of the CBD?

A

< 7 mm

57
Q

How do stones appear in the biliary system?

A

Echogenic stones within anechoic lumen that cause posterior shadowing
Increased gallbladder wall thickness and elnarged gallbladder lumen

58
Q

What are the risk factors of gallstones?

A

The five F’s

Fat, female, forty, fertile, and fair

59
Q

What are symptoms of gallstones?

A

Sharp epigastric or RUQ pain
Shoulder/back pain
Nausea/vomiting

General Sonography (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions