Veterinary Parasitology Abstracts (2016)

Question 1

Baby ate my dingo?

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Question 2

Eprinomectin (EPM) is a macrocyclic lactone used against endo-ectoparasites without withdrawal time in milk and meat after its pour-on administration at 0.5 mg/kg.

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treatment with EPM may be useful for controlling ticks in cattle, particularly in dairy production systems.

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Question 4

In a mixed GIN population, the COWP products appeared to be similar in efficacy and using a combination of COWP + alb increased the efficacy not only against H. contortus, but all GIN genera present, offering options in the face of resistance to benzimidazoles.

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Question 5

Contradictory to previous observations, C. andersoni was one of the dominant Cryptosporidium species in yaks in this study. Despite sharing habitats, Tibetan sheep and yaks are evidently infected with different Cryptosporidium species.

In Tibetan sheep, Cryptosporidium xiaoi (39/43, 90.7%) was the dominant species, with the remaining cases (4/43, 9.3%) by Cryptosporidium ubiquitum.

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These trials indicated no significant selection by gravid females with regard to pH and salinity. Females selected significantly more often for sites with pupae (P

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Based on the findings of this study Cryptosporidium ryanae (in cattle, horses), and Cryptosporidium bovis/xiaoi followed by Cryptosporidium parvum (in sheep) were found to be the predominant species in asymptomatic cases.

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Question 10

The current understanding is that 4 types exist, namely type I, II, III, and X.

marine mammal T. gondii isolates are predominantly type X or atypical type II and are frequently linked to severe encephalitis.

Australian marsupials demonstrate that the atypical type II strain is most predominant and frequently linked to neurological signs and/or severe brain lesions post-mortem

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Question 11

• Acute fatal hepatitis associated with S. calchasi was diagnosed in naturally exposed pigeons at a zoo.
• Diagnosis was confirmed histologically, molecularly, and by transmission electron microscopy.
• This is the first report of acute visceral S. calchasi-associated sarcocystosis in naturally infected avian hosts.

Answer 11

Four Roller pigeons (Columba livia f. dom.) at the Philadelphia Zoo died suddenly. Necropsy examination revealed macroscopic hepatitis. Microscopically, the predominant lesions were in liver, characterized with necrosis and mixed cell inflammatory response. Sarcocystis calchasi-like schizonts and free merozoites were identified in liver. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that schizonts were in hepatocytes. A few schizonts were in spleen. PCR using S. calchasi-specific primers confirmed the diagnosis. Neither lesions nor protozoa were found in brain and muscles. This is the first report of acute visceral S. calchasi-associated sarcocystosis in naturally infected avian hosts.

Question 12

The PCR-RFLP assay with HaeIII revealed the presence of restriction site corresponding to R86Q mutation in all the field isolates along with an additional restriction site in seven field isolates corresponding to V71A mutation. The results of the study indicate the involvement of both insensitive AChE and higher percent uninhibited AChE activity as the possible mechanism in these field isolates.

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Question 13

Based on FECRT and CT and in accordance with WAAVP standards, monepantel was ineffective against T. colubriformis and O. columbianum, but effective against H. contortus, T. axei and C. curticei in the studied flock.

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Highlights

• Hyalomma scupense was identified among ticks collected on Corsican cattle
• Strong evidence exists of a well-established population of this species in Corsica
• This highlights the risk of transmission of Theileria annulata to local cattle

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Question 18

Our results revealed that the agglutination test using p64 could be successfully used for diagnosis of T. vivax in acute and chronic infections of herds of cows in remote areas where access to indirect ELISA or PCR is limited.

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Question 20

There were no infected calves born to infected dams and the infection status of the dam at calving did not influence the future susceptibility of its calf to infection. It appears that cows chronically infected with T. orientalis (Ikeda) are unlikely to produce infected calves however it remains unproven in the field as to whether acute infection during pregnancy, leading to high levels of parasitaemia, could potentially lead to the birth of T. orientalis (Ikeda) infected calves.

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Question 22

molecular mechanism that confers benzimidazole resistance in ruminant trichostrongylids as well as in equine cyathostomins involving a phenylalanine (TTC) to tyrosine (TAC) mutation at codon 200 of the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene (F200Y) has been identified

similar mutation at codon 167 (F167Y) is also involved in BZ resistance in nematodes including cyathostomes

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Highlights

• Halicephalobus gingivalis (H.gingivalis) was detected in cattle.
• Massive nematode infection was found in the CNS of a seven weeks old calf.
• Histopathological changes in CNS of younger calves suggest parasitic etiology.
• Detection of H.gingivalis in young calves suggest infection via the umbilicus or milk.
• The isolate was similar to clinical and environmental H.gingivalis sequences in GenBank.