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SPI 1 > Display Imaging, 2D, and Real Time Imaging > Flashcards

Display Imaging, 2D, and Real Time Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is an array?

A

A modern transducer that contains multiple active elements

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2
Q

What makes a transducer linear?

A

If the active elements are arranged in a straight line

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3
Q

What makes a transducer curved?

A

If the active elements are arranged in an arched or bowed line

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4
Q

What is a sequential array?

A

When many large elements are arranged in a line side by side

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5
Q

What is a phased array?

A

When many smaller elements are electronically steered in different directions

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6
Q

What is the shape of an image produced by a linear sequential array?

A

A rectangular image

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7
Q

What is the shape of an image produced by a linear phased array?

A

A fan or sector shaped image

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8
Q

What adjustments to the sound beam are made possible with the phased array?

A

Adjustable focus

An electronic slope that steers the beam and an electronic curve that focuses the beam during transmission

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9
Q

What shape of image is created with a curved sequentual array?

A

A blunted sector image

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10
Q

What shape of image is created by a curved phased array?

A

A small footprint with more divergence in the far field

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11
Q

How are crystals arranged in an annular array?

A

In a disc like shape

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12
Q

How is a 2D image generated?

A

System sends a narrow pulse into the body. receives the reflections, and processes and stores the data
Another beam is sent in a slightly different direction, and the process continues

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13
Q

For mechanical scanning what number and shape of crystal is used?

A

One crystal in a circular disc-like shape

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14
Q

For mechanical scanning, how is the steering and focusing achieved?

A

Steering - by sound beams being emitted as the crystal is rotated with a motor
Fixed focal depth with internal or external focusing

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15
Q

What is an image shape created by mechanical scanning?

A

A fan or sector shape

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16
Q

What happens if there is a defective crystal?

A

The entire image is lost

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17
Q

What is a transducer array?

A

A collection of active elements in a signal transducer

18
Q

What are the pieces of PZT in an array called?

A

Elements

19
Q

What is a channel in an array transducer?

A

The combination of the active element, wire, and system electronics

20
Q

What is a 3D or multidimensional array?

A

A volume image created by a 2D array with thousands of elements arranged in a checkerboard pattern

21
Q

In A mode what is displayed on the x and y axes?

A

X axis is reflector depth

Y axis is reflection amplitude

22
Q

What is B mode?

A

Brightness mode
Scans that are static images
Appears as a line of dots with varying brightness
The basis for gray-scale imaging

23
Q

In B mode what is displayed with the x and z axes?

A

X axis is reflector depth

Z mode is amplitude info

24
Q

What is M mode?

A

Motion mode

Indicates a reflector that is moving closer or farther away from the transducer

25
Q

What do the x and y axes display in M mode?

A

X axis displays the time

Y axis displays the reflector depth

26
Q

What is frame rate?

A

The number of frames created each second

27
Q

What determines frame rate?

A

The sound’s speed in the medium

The depth of imaging

28
Q

What units do we use for frame rate?

A

Images/second

29
Q

What units are used to measure frame rate?

A

Hertz

30
Q

What is temporal resolution?

A

The ability to precisely position moving structures from instant to instant

31
Q

How is frame rate related to temporal resolution?

A

Directly

Temporal resolution is determined by frame rate

32
Q

How are frame time and frame rate related?

A

Inversely and reciprocals

Frame Rate x Frame Time = 1

33
Q

Which ultrasound system settings determine frame rate?

A

Imaging depth

Number of pulses per frame

34
Q

How does imaging depth affect temporal resolution?

A

Inversely
A shallow depth has better temporal resolution
A deeper depth has worse temporal resolution

35
Q

How is the number of pulses per image related to frame rate?

A

Inversely
The fewer pulses, the higher the frame rate
The more pulses, the lower the frame rate

36
Q

What three factors affect the number of pulses per image?

A

Number of focal points
Sector size
Line density

37
Q

What type of resolution is improved by using multiple focal zones?

A

Lateral resolution

38
Q

What type of resolution is degraded when multiple focal zones are used?

A

Temporal resolution

39
Q

How is sector width related to frame rate?

A

Narrow sector width has a higher frame rate

Wide sector width has a lower frame rate

40
Q

How is line density related to frame rate?

A

Low line density has a higher frame rate

High line density has a lower frame rate

41
Q

What is the benefit of scanning with high line density?

A

The gaps between lines are smaller, increasing the accuracy of each image

42
Q

What kind of resolution is improved with high line density?

A

Spatial (detail) resolution

SPI 1 (13 decks)

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