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L3 - Organic > Functional Group Conversions > Flashcards

Functional Group Conversions Flashcards

State reagent, conditions and reaction type

1
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2 with Ni or Pt catalyst

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2
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Cl2 or Br2 with UV light

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3
Q

Alkene to monohaloalkane

A

HBr or HCl

Addition

Check for the possible major/minor products from Markovnikov’s rule

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4
Q

Alkene to dihaloalkane

A

Cl2 or Br2

Addition

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5
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H2O/H+ aka dilute acid

Addition

Check for possible major/minor products from Markovnikov’s rule

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6
Q

Alkene to diol

A

MnO4-/H+

Addition/Oxidation

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7
Q

Haloalkane to alkene

A

KOH(alc)

Elimination

Check for possible major/minor products from Zaitsev’s rule

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8
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

KOH(aq)

Substitution

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9
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

c.NH3 or NH3(alc) or R-NH2

Substitution

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10
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

c.H2SO4

Elimination

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11
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

MUST be secondary alcohol

MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O72-/H+

Reflux

Oxidation

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12
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

MUST be primary alcohol

MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O72-/H+

MUST distill to remove aldehyde

Oxidation

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13
Q

Aldehyde or ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4

Reduction

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14
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O72-/H+

Reflux

Oxidation

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15
Q

Amine to ammonium salt

A

Acid (eg. HCl or H2SO4)

Acid/Base

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16
Q

Carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

A

Base (eg. NaOH or KOH)

Acid/Base

17
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid + c.H2SO4 + reflux

Esterification (Substitution/Condensation)

18
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol + c.H2SO4 + reflux

Esterification (Substitution/Condensatin)

19
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

PCl3 or PCl5 or SOCl2

Substitution

20
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

Substitution

21
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O

Substitution

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to amide

A

c.NH3 or R-NH2 + reflux

Substitution

23
Q

Acyl chloride to amide

A

c.NH3 or R-NH2

Substitution

24
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Tollen’s, Fehling’s or Benedict’s + heat

Oxidation

25
Q

Amine to amide

A

Carboxylic acid + reflux

OR

Acyl chloride

Substitution

L3 - Organic (4 decks)

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