CH 20 Compression: Chapter Review & Vocab

Question 1

What is a ratio of systolic blood pressure at the ankle to systolic blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium)?

Answer 1

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

Question 2

What does an ABI lower than 1 indicate?

Answer 2

Lower BP at the ankle than in the arm, suggesting reduced distal lower extremity blood flow due to peripheral artery disease

Question 3

What are considered knee-high or thigh-high stockings that provide low compression force to prevent DVT formation?

Answer 3

Antiembolism Stockings

Question 4

What is an application of mechanical force that increases external pressure on a body part to reduce swelling, improve circulation, or modify scar tissue formation?

Answer 4

Compression

Question 5

What is called a blood clot in a deep vein?

Answer 5

DVT (deep venous thrombosis)

Question 6

What is considered swelling caused by increased fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body?

Answer 6

Edema

Question 7

What is considered pressure exerted by a fluid in the blood vessels?

Answer 7

Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 8

What is determined by the force of the heart and gravity and contributes to movement of fluid into or out of blood vessels and lymphatics?

Answer 8

Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 9

What is considered excessive scarring with a raise and ridged appearance that does not extend beyond the boundaries of the original site of skin injury?

Answer 9

Hypertrophic Scarring

Question 10

What type of scarring has poor flexibility and can result in contractures and poor cosmesis?

Answer 10

Hypertrophic Scarring

Question 11

What type of compression is pressure that is applied and released and usually applied by a pneumatic compression pump?

Answer 11

Intermittent Compression

Question 12

What is excessive scarring that extends beyond the boundaries of the original site of skin injury?

Answer 12

Keloid Scarring

Question 13

What is an elastic bandage that can extend by 100-200% and provides high resting pressure?

Answer 13

Long-Stretch Bandage

Question 14

What is also called a high-stretch bandage?

Answer 14

Long-Stretch Bandage

Question 15

What is considered fluid rich in protein, water, and macrophages that is removed from the interstitial space by the lymphatic system and is returned to the venous system?

Answer 15

Lymphatic fluid (lymph)

Question 16

What is considered a system of vessels and nodes designed to carry excess fluid from the interstitial space to the venous system and to filter the fluid, removing bacteria and other foreign particles?

Answer 16

Lymphatic System

Question 17

What is considered swelling caused by excessive lymphatic fluid in the interstitial spaces?

Answer 17

Lymphedema

Question 18

What is considered pressure determined by the concentration of proteins inside and outside the blood vessels that contributes to movement of the fluid into or out of blood vessels and lymphatics?

Answer 18

Osmotic Pressure

Question 19

What is also known as oncotic pressure when applied to the blood?

Answer 19

Osmotic Pressure

Question 20

What is considered inflammation of the veins?

Answer 20

Phlebitis

Question 21

What is the most common cause of venous insufficiency?

Answer 21

Phlebitis

Question 22

What is considered pressure exerted by elastic when put on stretch?

Answer 22

Resting Pressure

Question 23

What is considered a bandage with low elasticity and 30-90% extension that provides a low resting pressure but a high working pressure during muscle activity?

Answer 23

Short-stretch Bandage

Question 24

What is another name for short-stretch bandage?

Answer 24

Low-stretch Bandage

Question 25

What is considered a steady application of pressure?

Answer 25

Static Compression

Question 26

What is considered to be a semirigid bandage made of zinc oxide- impregnated gauze that is applied to the LE to exert pressure?

Answer 26

Unna Boot

Question 27

What is considered a decreased ability of the veins to return blood to the heart?

Answer 27

Venous insufficiency

Question 28

What is considered an area of tissue breakdown and necrosis that occurs as a result of impaired venous return?

Answer 28

Venous Stasis Ulcer

Question 29

What is considered pressure produced by active muscles pushing against an inelastic bandage?

Answer 29

Working Pressure

Question 30

What applies an inwardly directed force to the tissues, increasing extravascular pressure, and venous and lymphatic circulation?

Answer 30

Compression

Question 31

What can be used to control edema, prevent formation of DVT, facilitate venous stasis ulcer healing, and shape residual limbs after amputation?

Answer 31

External compressions

Question 32

Name types of compression devices

Answer 32

• Compression bandages
• Compression garments
• Velcro closure devices
• Pneumatic pumps

Question 33

What type of compression devices provide static compression and can be worn throughout the day?

Answer 33

Bandages and garments

Question 34

What type of compression devices provide intermittent compression for limited periods of time?

Answer 34

Pneumatic pumps

Question 35

What does the choice of compression device depend upon?

Answer 35

The problem being treated and the ability of the patient to comply with the treatment

Question 36

Name the contraindications for Compression

Answer 36

• Heart failure
• Pulmonary edema
• DVT
• Thrombophlebitis
• Pulmonary embolism
• Obstructed lymphatic or venous return
• Peripheral artery disease
• Skin infections
• Hypoproteinemia
• Trauma

Question 37

Name the precautions for compression

Answer 37

• Impaired sensation or mentation
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Cancer
• Application of compression over superficial peripheral nerves